Fundamentals Of Nanoscience Set 9

Electrical Engineering,

Chemical Engineering

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This set of Fundamentals of NanoScience Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on Fundamentals Of Nanoscience Set 9

Q1 | Which of the following methods utilizes the emission of low energy electrons in a process?
  • auger electron spectroscopy
  • electron impact spectroscopy
  • electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis
  • secondary ion mass spectroscopy
Answer: auger electron spectroscopy
Explaination:
auger electron spectroscopy utilizes the emission of low energy electrons in auger process. it is one of the commonly employed techniques.
Q2 | Which of the following is the abbreviation of ESCA?
  • electron scattering chemical analysis
  • emission spectroscopy combination analysis
  • electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis
  • electron spectrum chemically analysed
Answer: electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis
Explaination:
the abbreviation of esca is electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. it is a type of electron spectroscopy.
Q3 | Which of the following methods use soft X- rays to eject electrons from inner shell orbitals?
  • auger electron spectroscopy
  • electron impact spectroscopy
  • electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis
  • secondary ion mass spectroscopy
Answer: electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis
Explaination:
electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis using soft x-rays to eject electrons from inner shell orbitals. it is a type of electron spectroscopy.
Q4 | Which of the following is the abbreviation of SIMS?
  • secondary ion mass spectroscopy
  • spectrum ionization mass spectroscopy
  • scattering ions mass spectroscopy
  • spectral ionization mass spectroscopy
Answer: secondary ion mass spectroscopy
Explaination:
secondary ion mass spectroscopy is the abbreviation of sims. it is a type of ion spectroscopy.
Q5 | For high sensitivity or selectivity environmental sensors to sense the gaseous chemical like                    
  • co2
  • no3
  • o2
  • no
Answer: no
Explaination:
for high sensitivity or selectivity environmental sensors to sense the gaseous chemical like no. the other gases are that are
Q6 | Which of the following drugs cannot be given as transdermal administration?
  • drugs with very short half-lives
  • drugs with narrow therapeutic indices
  • easy removal and termination
  • drugs against peptic ulcer
Answer: drugs against peptic ulcer
Explaination:
transdermal delivery systems are topically administered medications. drugs with very short half-live example nitro-glycerine are administered as transdermal patches. drugs with narrow therapeutic indices can be safely administered through transdermal patches.
Q7 | Which of the following characteristics is suitable for transdermal drug?
  • large drug dose
  • large molecular size
  • drugs with narrow therapeutic indices
  • drugs which are metabolized in the skin
Answer: drugs with narrow therapeutic indices
Explaination:
the transdermal route is unsuitable when the drug dose is large when the drug has a large molecular size, the drug is skin sensitizing and irritating. it also becomes a problem when the drug is metabolized in the skin, the drug goes protein binding in the skin, or even if the drug is highly lipophilic or hydrophilic.
Q8 | What are the characteristics of the monolithic devices?
  • the drug has a large therapeutic index
  • aqueous solutions
  • control drug release by partitioning the drug from the oil
  • administration of emulsions
Answer: the drug has a large therapeutic index
Explaination:
monolithic devices are used when the rate of drug diffusion from the device is higher than the rate of drug permeation through the stratum corneum. there are two categories of matrix devices one is where the drug is dissolved in the polymer matrix and the other is where the drug is dispersed.
Q9 | What are the characteristics of the mixed monolithic-reservoir devices?
  • the drug has a large therapeutic index
  • drug permeation rate is high
  • the drug-polymer matrix is layered by rate- controlling membrane
  • administration of emulsions
Answer: the drug-polymer matrix is layered by rate- controlling membrane
Explaination:
this device has drug release kinetics intermediate between monolithic and reservoir systems. here the drug-polymer matrix is layered by a rate controlling membrane. the release is controlled initially by the membrane but as the drug gets depleted the rate is controlled by diffusion of the drug.
Q10 | The absorption of the ophthalmic drug does not depend on which of the following?
  • physicochemical properties of the permeating molecule
  • drainage of tears
  • output of tears
  • size of the eyeball
Answer: size of the eyeball
Explaination:
the absorption of the ophthalmic drug across the corneal membrane is a diffusion process and depends largely on the physicochemical properties of the permeating molecule that is the drug. it also depends upon the drainage and output of tears. drugs of ophthalmic use are such as atropine, local anesthetics, epinephrine, etc.
Q11 | Which of the following is false in regarding reservoir devices?
  • these devices are used when the drug permeation rate is rapid
  • the release of the drug is controlled
  • suitable for low therapeutic indices
  • the drug is contained in a powder form floating on liquid
Answer: the drug is contained in a powder form floating on liquid
Explaination:
the drug is contained in a reservoir as a suspension liquid or gel carrier. the thin polymeric membrane is made up of olefinic polymers or pvc. when applied on skin it shows rapid release at first and then zero order release as long as the solution inside the reservoir is saturated.
Q12 | Which of the following is true for monolithic devices?
  • these devices are used when the drug permeation rate is rapid
  • the release of the drug is controlled
  • suitable for drugs with large therapeutic indices
  • the drug is contained in a powder form floating on liquid
Answer: suitable for drugs with large therapeutic indices
Explaination:
the drug used in these devices has a large therapeutic index. the drug release rate from the matrix is rapid initially and then falls as the matrix gets depleted of the drug. the polymer employed for the matrix system may be hydrophilic or lipophilic. these polymers include pvc, pvp, and polysaccharides.
Q13 | Which of the following is false for monolithic devices?
  • the drug used for these devices has large therapeutic indices
  • there are three categories of matrix devices
  • 1st type has the drug dissolved in the polymer matrix
  • 2nd type has drug dispersed
Answer: there are three categories of matrix devices
Explaination:
the drug used in these devices has a large therapeutic index. such that overdosing does not precipitate toxic reactions. there are two categories of matrix devices one is where the drug is dissolved in the polymer matrix and the other is where the drug is dispersed. the polymer employed for the matrix system may be hydrophilic or lipophilic. these polymers include pvc, pvp, and polysaccharides.
Q14 |                  Wireless operates services are based on a Wi-Fi Positioning System (WPS).
  • skydrive
  • skyhook
  • skylook
  • none of the mentioned
Answer: skyhook
Explaination:
the advantage of wps is that there are hundreds of millions of wi-fi access points worldwide and they are closer to the mobile device.
Q15 | Point out the wrong statement.
  • mems stands for microelectromechanical systems
  • mems as a class can be between 1000 and 100000 micrometers in size
  • several mems are packaged in smartphones
  • all of the mentioned
Answer: mems as a class can be between 1000 and 100000 micrometers in size
Explaination:
mems as a class can be between 1 and 1000 micrometers in size.
Q16 | Which of the following system is constantly polling locations to update them and recalibrating data points to improve accuracy over time?
  • wps
  • gps
  • xps
  • all of the mentioned
Answer: xps
Explaination:
the system uses a large reference database of wi-fi access points and cell tower ids, raw position data from each location source (a signal), and the company’s proprietary algorithm to locate the device.
Q17 | Which of the following has a Java API that works with the Skyhook network?
  • looki
  • look
  • loki
  • all of the mentioned
Answer: loki
Explaination:
loki has its browser plug-in to locate users for subscribing websites.
Q18 | Point out the correct statement.
  • mems is a class of very small sensor or actuator devices where small mechanical systems are driven by electricity to indicate a position
  • the incorporation of low-cost geo-sensors in the form of gps chips into mobile devices opens the mobile user to a whole range of services based on the client’s location
  • the iphone uses the proximity sensor to turn the screen off when a user puts the phone to his face
  • all of the mentioned
Answer: all of the mentioned
Explaination:
there are many more contexts that can be used in processing client requests and returning relevant information.
Q19 | Which of the following service is an example of push technology?
  • automated software updates
  • comet
  • http streaming
  • all of the mentioned
Answer: all of the mentioned
Explaination:
the opposite of a push is a pull technology, in which the client polls for and requests a transaction.
Q20 | The IRC protocol and the XMPP IM and VoIP protocol are examples of              push technologies.
  • p2p
  • c2c
  • b2b
  • none of the mentioned
Answer: p2p
Explaination:
the xmpp pubsub extension is how apple creates a push service for mobileme.
Q21 | Which of the following transport protocol combined with XMPP can be used for push service?
  • bosh
  • uosh
  • mosh
  • all of the mentioned
Answer: bosh
Explaination:
bosh stands for bidirectional streams over synchronous http.
Q22 | In the parlance of system design, the active transfer process is referred to as “push” and server is called                
  • cdn
  • mda
  • mdb
  • none of the mentioned
Answer: mda
Explaination:
client is called mail user agent(mua).
Q23 | There are three types of the solar cells.
  • true
  • false
Answer: true
Explaination:
there are three types of solar cells. single crystal, polycrystal, and amorphous silicon cells are the major types of solar cells.
Q24 | Series and parallel combination of the solar cell is known as                    
  • solar array
  • solar light
  • solar sight
  • solar eye
Answer: solar array
Explaination:
series and parallel combination of the solar cell is known as solar array. shunt diodes are used to avoid the circulating current.
Q25 | Calculate Fill factor using the data: Pmax=15 W, Voc=18 V, Isc=4 A.
  • .65
  • .59
  • .20
  • .98
Answer: .20
Explaination:
fill factor is the ratio of the
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