Computer Architecture And Organization Set 9

Computer Science Engineering (CSE)

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This set of Computer Architecture and Organization Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on Computer Architecture And Organization Set 9

Q1 | Several techniques can make size of routing table manageable and also handle issues such as                      
  • maturity
  • error reporting
  • tunneling
  • security
Answer: security
Explaination:
the size of the routing table in the technique must be manageable for the network nodes i.e. it must not be too big.
Q2 | Host-specific routing is used for purposes such as checking route or providing            
  • network measures
  • security measures
  • routing measures
  • delivery measures
Answer: security measures
Explaination:
in host-specific routing, the
Q3 | In Unicast Routing, Dijkstra algorithm creates a shortest path tree from a                  
  • graph
  • tree
  • network
  • link
Answer: graph
Explaination:
the djikstra’s shortest path algorithm is the fastest among the algorithms for finding the shortest path in a graph. but it is a greedy method based algorithm so it does not guarantee the shortest path every time.
Q4 | In Multicast Routing Protocol, flooding is used to broadcast packets but it creates
  • gaps
  • loops
  • holes
  • links
Answer: loops
Explaination:
in multicast routing, there is one sender and many receivers. so flooding is
Q5 | The computation of the shortest path in OSPF is usually done by                          
  • bellman-ford algorithm
  • routing information protocol
  • dijkstra’s algorithm
  • distance vector routing
Answer: dijkstra’s algorithm
Explaination:
shortest path in ospf is usually computed by dijkstra’s algorithm. it was proposed by edsger w. dijkstra in the year 1956. it is a greedy method algorithm and hence may not guarantee the shortest path every time, but is really fast.
Q6 | Which of the following is false with respect to the features of OSPF?
  • support for fixed-length subnetting by including the subnet mask in the routing message
  • more flexible link cost than can range from 1 to 65535
  • use of designated router
  • distribution of traffic over multiple paths that have equal cost to the destination
Answer: support for fixed-length subnetting by including the subnet mask in the routing message
Explaination:
ospf provides support for variable-length sunbathing by including the subnet mask in the routing message. for fixed length subnets, there is no requirement for including the subnet mask in the routing message as there is just one subnet mask for all the subnets.
Q7 | In OSPF, which protocol is used to discover neighbour routers automatically?
  • link state protocol
  • error-correction protocol
  • routing information protocol
  • hello protocol
Answer: hello protocol
Explaination:
hello protocol is used to discover neighboring routers automatically. it makes sure that the communication between neighbors is bidirectional. it’s similar to the real world moral construct of saying “hello” to initialize the communication.
Q8 | Which of the following is not a type of OSPF packet?
  • hello
  • link-state request
  • link-state response
  • link-state ack
Answer: link-state response
Explaination:
the five types of ospf packets are: hello, database description, link-state request, link-state update, and link-state ack. there is no link-state response packet; the neighbor router sends a link-state update packet as a response to the link-state request packet if there is an update in the routing table.
Q9 | In OSPF header, which field is used to detect errors in the packet?
  • type
  • area id
  • authentication type
  • checksum
Answer: checksum
Explaination:
checksum field is used to detect errors. it makes sure that the data portions that are being sent are all in integrity. it can detect duplicated bits. once an error is detected, the sender has to re-transmit the data as it won’t receive an acknowledgement.
Q10 | In OSPF database descriptor packet, if there are more database descriptor packets in the flow, ‘M’ field is set to                          
  • 1
  • 0
  • more
  • -1
Answer: 1
Explaination:
the “m” bit is the more bit, which indicates that there are more packets to be received in the descriptor packet flow whenever it is set to 1. there is also an “i” bit which indicates if the packet is first in the flow.
Q11 | In OSPF database descriptor packet, which field is used to indicate that the router is master?
  • m
  • ms
  • i
  • options
Answer: ms
Explaination:
the ms bit is used to indicate if the origin of the packet is a master or a slave. if it is set to 1, the source of the packet is a master, and if it is set to 0, the source of the packet is a slave.
Q12 | In OSPF database descriptor packet, which field is used to detect a missing packet?
  • lsa header
  • ms
  • database descriptor sequence number
  • options
Answer: database descriptor sequence number
Explaination:
sequence number field is used to detect a missing packet. the packets are to be received in order of the sequence number, so if the receiver detects that there is a sequence number skipped or missing in the order, it stops processing the further received packets and informs the sender to retransmit the packets in sequence.
Q13 | The size of an IP address in IPv6 is
  • 4 bytes
  • 128 bits
  • 8 bytes
  • 100 bits
Answer: 128 bits
Explaination:
an ipv6 address is 128 bits long. therefore, 2128 i.e. 340 undecillion addresses are possible in ipv6. ipv4 has only 4 billion possible addresses and ipv6 would be a brilliant alternative in case ipv4 runs out of possible new addresses.
Q14 | The header length of an IPv6 datagram is
  • 10bytes
  • 25bytes
  • 30bytes
  • 40bytes
Answer: 40bytes
Explaination:
ipv6 datagram has fixed header length of 40bytes, which results in faster processing of the datagram. there is one fixed header and optional headers which may or may not exist. the fixed header contains the mandatory essential information about the
Q15 | In the IPv6 header, the traffic class field is similar to which field in the IPv4 header?
  • fragmentation field
  • fast-switching
  • tos field
  • option field
Answer: tos field
Explaination:
the traffic class field is used to specify the priority of the ip packet which is a similar functionality to the type of service field in the ipv4 header. it’s an 8-bit field and its values are not defined in the rfc 2460.
Q16 | IPv6 does not use                    type of address.
  • broadcast
  • multicast
  • anycast
  • unicast
Answer: broadcast
Explaination:
there is no concept of broadcast address in ipv6. instead, there is an anycast address in ipv6 which allows sending messages to a group of devices but not all devices in a network. anycast address is not standardized in ipv4.
Q17 | Which among the following features is
  • hop limit
  • ttl
  • next header
  • type of traffic
Answer: hop limit
Explaination:
the hop limit value is decremented by one by a router when the datagram is forwarded by the router. when the value becomes zero the datagram is discarded. the field is 8-bits wide, so an ipv6 packet can live up to 255 router hops only.
Q18 | Dual-stack approach refers to                    
  • implementing ipv4 with 2 stacks
  • implementing ipv6 with 2 stacks
  • node has both ipv4 and ipv6 support
  • implementing a mac address with 2 stacks
Answer: node has both ipv4 and ipv6 support
Explaination:
dual-stack is one of the approaches used to support ipv6 in already existing systems. isps are using it as a method to transfer from ipv4 to ipv6 completely eventually due to the lower number of possible available addresses in ipv4.
Q19 | The                    field determines the lifetime of IPv6 datagram
  • use dual-stack approach
  • tunneling
  • no solution
  • replace the system
Answer: tunneling
Explaination:
the ipv4 routers can form a tunnel in which at the sender’s side, the ipv6 datagram is encapsulated in to ipv4, and at the receiver’s side of the tunnel, the ipv4 packet is stripped and the ipv6 packet is sent to the receiver.
Q20 | Teredo is an automatic tunneling technique. In each client the obfuscated IPv4 address is represented by bits              
  • 96 to 127
  • 0 to 63
  • 80 to 95
  • 64 to 79
Answer: 96 to 127
Explaination:
teredo is a technique through which gives the possibility for full ipv6 network connectivity to ipv6 capable hosts which are currently on an ipv4 network. bits 96 to 127 in the datagram represents obfuscated 1pv4 address of the ipv4 network.
Q21 | An endpoint of an inter-process communication flow across a computer network is called                      
  • socket
  • pipe
  • port
  • machine
Answer: socket
Explaination:
socket is one end point in a two way communication link in the network. tcp layer can identify the application that data is destined to be sent by using the port number that is bound to socket.
Q22 | Which one of the following is a version of UDP with congestion control?
  • datagram congestion control protocol
  • stream control transmission protocol
  • structured stream transport
  • user congestion control protocol
Answer: datagram congestion control protocol
Explaination:
the datagram congestion control is a transport layer protocol which deals with reliable connection setup, teardown, congestion control, explicit congestion notification, and feature negotiation. it is used in modern day systems where there are really high chances of congestion. the protocol was last updated in the year 2008.
Q23 | Which of the following is a transport layer protocol?
  • stream control transmission protocol
  • internet control message protocol
  • neighbor discovery protocol
  • dynamic host configuration protocol
Answer: stream control transmission protocol
Explaination:
the stream control transmission protocol (sctp) is a transport layer protocol used in networking system where streams of data are to be continuously transmitted between two connected network nodes. some of the other transport layer protocols are rdp, rudp, tcp, dccp, udp etc.
Q24 | 2 USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOLS (UDP)
  • connection-oriented
  • unreliable
  • transport layer protocol
  • low overhead
Answer: connection-oriented
Explaination:
udp is an unreliable, connectionless transport layer protocol that provides message-based data transmission. tcp is an example of connection-oriented protocols.
Q25 | Return value of the UDP port “Chargen” is
  • string of characters
  • string of integers
  • array of characters with integers
  • array of zero’s and one’s
Answer: string of characters
Explaination:
using chargen with udp on port 19, the server sends a udp datagram containing a random number of characters every time it receives a datagram from the connecting host. the number of characters is between 0 and 512.
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