Computer Architecture And Organization Set 7

Computer Science Engineering (CSE)

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This set of Computer Architecture and Organization Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on Computer Architecture And Organization Set 7

Q1 | A 4 byte IP address consists of
  • wired sensor network                      
  • wireless sensor network
  • wired service network
  • wireless service network
Answer: wireless sensor network
Explaination:
wsn – wireless sensor network comprises of motes running a wsn application and a light weight coap server.
Q2 | In virtual circuit network each packet contains                        
  • full source and destination address
  • a short vc number
  • only source address
  • only destination address
Answer: a short vc number
Explaination:
a short vc number also called as vcid (virtual circuit identifier) is a type of identifier which is used to distinguish between several virtual circuits in a connection oriented circuit switched network. each virtual circuit is used to transfer data over a larger packet switched network.
Q3 | Which of the following routing algorithms can be used for network layer design?
  • shortest path algorithm
  • distance vector routing
  • link state routing
  • all of the mentioned
Answer: all of the mentioned
Explaination:
the routing algorithm is what
Q4 | A subset of a network that includes all the routers but contains no loops is called
  • spanning tree
  • spider structure
  • spider tree
  • special tree
Answer: spanning tree
Explaination:
spanning tree protocol (stp) is a network protocol that creates a loop free logical topology for ethernet networks. it is a layer 2 protocol that runs on bridges and switches. the main purpose of stp is to ensure that you do not create loops when you have redundant paths in your network.
Q5 | ICMP is primarily used for                      
  • error and diagnostic functions
  • addressing
  • forwarding
  • routing
Answer: error and diagnostic functions
Explaination:
icmp abbreviation for internet control message protocol is used by networking devices to send error messages and operational information indicating a host or router cannot be reached. icmp operates over the ip packet to provide error reporting functionality as ip by itself cannot report errors.
Q6 | Most packet switches use this principle
  • stop and wait
  • store and forward
  • store and wait
  • stop and forward
Answer: store and forward
Explaination:
the packet switch will not transmit the first bit to outbound link until it receives the entire packet. if the entire packet is not received and the time-out period expires, the packet switch will inform the sender to resend the part of packet or the entire packet based on the algorithm being used.
Q7 | If there are N routers from source to destination, the total end to end delay in sending packet P(L-> number of bits in the packet R-> transmission rate) is equal to
  • n
  • (n*l)/r
  • (2n*l)/r
  • l/r
Answer: (n*l)/r
Explaination:
the equation to find the end to end delay when no. of bits, transmission rate and no. of routers is given by (n*l)/r. the total end to end delay, that is, nodal delay is the sum of all, the processing delay, queuing delay, transmission delay and propagation delay.
Q8 | What are the Methods to move data through a network of links and switches?
  • packet switching and line switching
  • circuit switching and line switching
  • line switching and bit switching
  • packet switching and circuit switching
Answer: packet switching and circuit switching
Explaination:
packet switching and circuit switching are two different types of switching methods used to connect the multiple communicating devices with one another.
Q9 | The required resources for communication between end systems are reserved for the duration of the session between end systems in                  method.
  • packet switching
  • circuit switching
  • line switching
  • frequency switching
Answer: circuit switching
Explaination:
in circuit switching, a physical path between the sender and receiver is established. this path is maintained until the connection is needed. circuit switching is implemented in the physical layer and is used in telephonic systems.
Q10 | As the resources are reserved between two communicating end systems in circuit switching,                        is achieved.
  • authentication
  • guaranteed constant rate
  • reliability
  • store and forward
Answer: guaranteed constant rate
Explaination:
circuit switching is connection oriented and is always implemented in the physical layer. once a path is set, all transmission occurs through the same path. it is used since the early times in telephonic systems.
Q11 | In                    systems, resources are allocated on demand.
  • packet switching
  • circuit switching
  • line switching
  • frequency switching
Answer: packet switching
Explaination:
in packet switching, the bits are received in out of order and need to be assembled at the receiver end, whereas in the case of circuit switching, all the bits are received in order. all transmissions may not occur through the same path in case of packet switching.
Q12 | Which of the following is not an application layer service?
  • network virtual terminal
  • file transfer, access, and management
  • mail service
  • error control
Answer: error control
Explaination:
application layer is the topmost layer in the osi model. network virtual terminal, mail service, file transfer, access and management are all services of the application layer. it uses protocols like http, ftp, and dns etc. to provide these services.
Q13 | Which of the following is not applicable for IP?
  • error reporting
  • handle addressing conventions
  • datagram format
  • packet handling conventions
Answer: error reporting
Explaination:
the internet protocol is the networking protocol which establishes the internet by relaying datagrams across network boundaries. icmp is a supporting protocol for ip which handles the error reporting functionality.
Q14 | Which of the following field in IPv4 datagram is not related to fragmentation?
  • flags
  • offset
  • tos
  • identifier
Answer: tos
Explaination:
tos-type of service identifies the type of packets. it is not related to fragmentation but is used to request specific treatment such as high throughput, high reliability or low latency for the ip packet depending upon the type of service it belongs to.
Q15 | The TTL field has value 10. How many routers (max) can process this datagram?
  • 11
  • 5
  • 10
  • 1
Answer: 10
Explaination:
ttl stands for time to live. this field specifies the life of the ip packet based on the number of hops it makes (number of routers it goes through). ttl field is decremented by one each time the datagram is processed by a router. when the value is 0, the packet is automatically destroyed.
Q16 | If the value in protocol field is 17, the transport layer protocol used is
  • tcp
  • udp
  • icmp
  • igmp
Answer: udp
Explaination:
the protocol field enables the demultiplexing feature so that the ip protocol can be used to carry payloads of more than one protocol type. its most used values are 17 and 6 for udp and tcp respectively. icmp and igmp are network layer protocols.
Q17 | The data field cannot carry which of the following?
  • tcp segment
  • udp segment
  • icmp messages
  • smtp messages
Answer: icmp messages
Explaination:
data field usually has transport layer segments, but it can also carry icmp messages. smtp is an application layer protocol. first it must go through the transport layer to be converted into tcp segments and then it can be inserted into ip packets.
Q18 | What should be the flag value to indicate the last fragment?
  • 0
  • 1
  • ttl value
  • protocol field value
Answer: 0
Explaination:
the flag field in the ip header is used to control and identify the fragments. it contains three bits: reserved, don’t fragment and more fragments. if the more fragments bit is 0, it means that the fragment is the last fragment.
Q19 | Which of these is not applicable for IP protocol?
  • is connectionless
  • offer reliable service
  • offer unreliable service
  • does not offer error reporting
Answer: offer reliable service
Explaination:
ip does not provide reliable delivery service for the data. it’s dependent upon the transport layer protocols like tcp to offer reliability.
Q20 | Which of the following demerits does Fragmentation have?
  • complicates routers
  • open to dos attack
  • overlapping of fragments.
  • all of the mentioned
Answer: all of the mentioned
Explaination:
fragmentation makes the implementation of the ip protocol complex and can also be exploited by attackers to create a dos attack such as a teardrop attack. fragmentation won’t be required if the transport layer protocols perform wise segmentation.
Q21 | Which field helps to check rearrangement of the fragments?
  • offset
  • flag
  • ttl
  • identifer
Answer: offset
Explaination:
the fragment offset field specifies where the fragment fits in the original datagram. the offset of the first fragment will always be 0. the size of the field (13 bits) is 3-bits shorter than the size of the total length field (16 bits).
Q22 | Which one of the following is not a function of network layer?
  • routing
  • inter-networking
  • congestion control
  • error control
Answer: error control
Explaination:
in the osi model, network layer is the third layer and it provides data routing paths for network communications. error control is a function of the data link layer and the transport layer.
Q23 | A 4 byte IP address consists of
  • only network address
  • only host address
  • network address & host address
  • network address & mac address
Answer: network address & host address
Explaination:
an ip address which is 32 bits long, that means it is of 4 bytes and is composed of a network and host portion and it depends on address class. the size of the host address and network address depends upon the class of the address in classful ip addressing.
Q24 | Which of the following routing algorithms can be used for network layer design?
  • shortest path algorithm
  • distance vector routing
  • link state routing
  • all of the mentioned
Answer: all of the mentioned
Explaination:
the routing algorithm is what decides where a packet should go next. there are several routing techniques like shortest path algorithm, static and dynamic routing, decentralized routing, distance vector routing, link state routing, hierarchical routing etc.
Q25 | Which of the following is not correct in relation to multi-destination routing?
  • is same as broadcast routing
  • contains the list of all destinations
  • data is not sent by packets
  • there are multiple receivers
Answer: data is not sent by packets
Explaination:
in multi-destination routing, there is more than one receiver and the route for each destination which is contained in a list of destinations is to be found by the routing algorithm. multi-destination routing is also used in broadcasting.
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