Computer Architecture And Organization Set 4

Answer: no dc component

Explaination:
a band-pass signal has no dc components and has fourier transform equal to zero. outside the band it will not be exactly zero. thus this results in presence of side lobes.

Answer: all of the mentioned

Explaination:
some of the common orthonormal signal representations are sine and cosine at the same frequency, fourier serier, sinc functions centered at sampling times, wavelets etc.

Answer: signal space

Explaination:
the constellation diagram is plotted in a space called as signal space.

Answer: non negative & decreasing

Explaination:
cumulative distribution function is non negative and non decreasing function.

Answer: pdf & pmf

Explaination:
pdf, pmf and cdf are non negative functions.

Answer: channel coding

Explaination:
channel coding is the function of physical layer. data link layer mainly deals with framing, error control and flow control. data link layer is the layer where the packets are encapsulated into frames.

Answer: media access control sublayer

Explaination:
media access control (mac) deals with transmission of data packets to and from the network-interface card, and also to and from another remotely shared channel.

Answer: all of the mentioned

Explaination:
in a frame, the header is a part of the data that contains all the required information about the transmission of the file. it contains information like synchronization bytes, addresses, frame identifier etc. it also contains error control information for reducing the errors in the transmitted frames.

Answer: burst error

Explaination:
when a single bit error occurs in a data, it is called single bit error. when more than a single bit of data is corrupted or has error, it is called burst error. if a single bit error occurs, the bit can be simply repaired by inverting it, but in case of a burst error, the sender has to send the frame again.

Answer: cyclic redundancy check

Explaination:
cyclic redundancy check is a code that is added to a data which helps us to identify any error that occurred during the transmission of the data. crc is only able to detect errors, not correct them. crc is inserted in the frame trailer.

Answer: all of the mentioned

Explaination:
there are many data link layer protocols. some of them are sdlc (synchronous data link protocol), hdlc (high level data link control), slip (serial line interface protocol), ppp (point to point protocol) etc. these protocols are used to provide the logical link control function of the data link layer.

Answer: both csma/cd & csma/ca

Explaination:
in csma/cd, it deals with detection of collision after collision has occurred, whereas csma/ca deals with preventing collision. csma/cd is abbreviation for carrier sensing multiple access/collision detection. csma/ca is abbreviation for carrier sensing multiple access/collision avoidance. these protocols are used for efficient multiple channel access.

Answer: piggybacking

Explaination:
piggybacking is a technique in which the acknowledgment is temporarily delayed so as to be hooked with the next outgoing data frame. it saves a lot of channel bandwidth as in non-piggybacking system, some bandwidth is reserved for acknowledgement.

Answer: logical link control sublayer

Explaination:
the logical link control is a sublayer of data link layer whose main function is to manage traffic, flow and error control. the automatic repeat request error management mechanism is provided by the llc when an error is found in the received frame at the receiver’s end to inform the sender to re-send the frame.

Answer: n+1 layer

Explaination:
in layering n layer provides service to n+1 layer and use the service provided by n-1 layer.

Answer: all of the mentioned

Explaination:
ip router, microwave router and telephone switch can be used as an intermediate device between communication of two entities.

Answer: square wave

Explaination:
square wave has comparatively high frequency component in them.

Answer: synchronous

Explaination:
synchronous has continuous transmission where as asynchronous have sporadic transmission.

Answer: synchronous

Explaination:
synchronous transmission needs bit transition.

Answer: 9 bits

Explaination:
in synchronous transmission, receiver must stay synchronous for 9 bits.

Answer: by adding redundancy bits

Explaination:
error can be detected and corrected by adding additional information that is by adding redundancy bits.

Answer: cyclic redundancy check

Explaination:
cyclic redundancy check is more efficient than parity check.

Answer: cyclic redundancy check

Explaination:
crc is more powerful and it can detect various kind of errors like 2 bit errors.

Answer: multiplication & binary division

Explaination:
crc uses more math like multiplication and binary division.

Answer: all of the mentioned

Explaination:
there are many data link layer protocols. some of them are sdlc (synchronous data link protocol), hdlc (high level data link control), slip (serial