Basic Psychological Process Set 4
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This set of Basic Psychological Process Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on Basic Psychological Process Set 4
Q1 | ______________ focuses on designing programs that promote the intellectual, social, and emotionaldevelopment of children, including those with special needs.
- school psychology
- educational psychology
- personality psychology
- developmental psychology
Q2 | Once a researcher has identified a question or issue to be investigated, it must be posed in the form ofa _____________ that can be tested empirically.
- problem
- methodology
- theory
- hypothesis
Q3 | Naturalistic observation, surveys, case studies, and correlational studies are commonly used______________ methods.
- descriptive
- experimental
- operational
- quantitative
Q4 | A tentative explanation that tries to account for the diverse findings on the same topic is called a______________ or a model.
- problem
- method
- theory
- hypothesis
Q5 | Factors that can change or vary and are capable of being observed, measured, and verified are called____________.
- statistics
- variables
- theory
- hypothesis
Q6 | _________________ is a statistical technique that involves combining and analyzing the results ofmany research studies on a specific topic in order to identify overall trends.
- correlation
- regression
- meta-analysis
- content-analysis
Q7 | Even experiments conducted in natural settings have disadvantages, such as a ___________ inexperimental control.
- increase
- decrease
- difference
- varying
Q8 | _________________ is an experimental technique in which the researchers, but not the subjects, areaware of the critical information about the experiment.
- single-blind
- double-blind
- ethnography
- field study
Q9 | The ________________ variable in an experiment is purposely manipulated in order to effect a changein other variable.
- dependent
- independent
- extraneous
- control
Q10 | _____________ is an intensive, in-depth investigation of an individual and can involve compiling datafrom a wide variety of different sources.
- observation
- survey
- case-study
- questionnaire
Q11 | ___________________ is the tendency to use your own culture as the standard for judging othercultures.
- cross-cultures
- ethnocentrism
- culturism
- pseudo- cultures
Q12 | ________________ involves the presentation or addition of a reinforcing stimulus following anoperant.
- positive reinforcement
- negative reinforcement
- continuous reinforcement
- partial reinforcement
Q13 | ________________ refers to the presentation of an event or stimulus following a behavior that acts todecrease the likelihood of the behavior being repeated.
- positive reinforcement
- negative reinforcement
- punishment
- partial reinforcement
Q14 | ____________________ is the application of learning principles to help people develop more effectiveor adaptive behaviors.
- defense mechanism
- behavior modification
- positive reinforcement
- adaptation
Q15 | _________________ is the operant conditioning procedure of selectively reinforcing successivelycloser approximations of a goal behavior until the goal behavior is displayed.
- modeling
- shaping
- sublimation
- reinforcing
Q16 | _________________ is Skinner’s term for an actively emitted behavior that operates on theenvironment to produce consequences.
- classical
- reinforce
- operant
- punishment
Q17 | A ________________ reinforcer is a stimulus or event that is naturally or inherently reinforcing for agiven species, such as food, water, or other biological necessities.
- positive
- negative
- primary
- secondary
Q18 | ___________________ refers to gradual weakening and disappearance of conditioned behavior whenit is no longer followed by a reinforcer.
- extinction
- negative reinforcement
- partial reinforcement
- punishment
Q19 | ________________ is the basic learning process that involves changing the probability of a responsebeing repeated by manipulating the consequences of that response.
- classical conditioning
- defense mechanism
- operant conditioning
- punishment
Q20 | Learning that is not reflected in actual performance is called _______________ learning.
- cognitive
- observational
- latent
- operant
Q21 | ___________________ is an American psychologist who experimentally investigated observationallearning, emphasizing the role of cognitive factors.
- ivan pavlov b.
- f.skinner c. edward .
- tolman
- albert bandura
Q22 | __________________ is an American psychologist who experimentally demonstrated the involvementof cognitive processes in classical conditioning.
- robert .a. rescorla b.
- f.skinner c. edward .
- tolman
- albert bandura
Q23 | _____________ is the tendency of an animal to revert to its instinctive behaviors that can interferewith the performance of an operantly conditioned response.
- aversion
- instinctive drift
- latent learning
- law of effect