The Brutal Black Buck
Barbaric blacks out to raise havoc; Bif "bad, blacks oversexed and savage, violent and frenzied as they lust for white flesh"; the buck plays out the fear that every black man longs for a white woman
Colorblind Racism
The ideology that explains contemporary racial inequality as the outcome of nonracial dynamics, as the product of market dynamics, naturally occurring phenomena, and blacks imputed cultural limitations
The Tom
The Good negro who always keeps the faith, never turns against his "white mess", and remains hearty, submissive, stoic, generous, selfless, and kind
W.E.D. Dubois
American sociologist, historian, and civil rights activist; Wrote "The souls of Black Folk" was his first and arguably most famous work; Black Reconstruction in America challenged the predominant idea that blacks were to blame for the failures of Reconstr
Mass Incarceration
refers not only to the criminal justice system but also to the larger web of laws, rules, policies, and customs that control those labeled criminals both in and out of prison
4 frames of Colorblind Racism
Abstract Liberalism, Naturalization, Cultural Racism, Minimization of Racism
Sterotype
a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing
The Coon
Amusing black buffoon
The Mammy
big, overweight, cantankerous woman who usually takes care of the white children. She is desexualized, a fabrication that ensures that the figure is not a threat to hegemoic structures of power despite the face that she controlled black men
The Dreamers/The Dream
The Dream: The (White american Dream) Dream thrives on generalization, on limiting the number of possible questions The Dreamers: People who usually think they are white and believe in the american dream and the ideology of meritocracy
The great migration
1.8 million blacks migrated between 910 and 1940 from the south to the North and West.
Black Exceptionalism
This ensures that institutions and systems cannot appear as racist despite the fact that blacks need to negotiate the worldview by negating these representations
Emancipation Proclamation
Abraham Lincoln which declared enslaved residing in the rebelling confederate states to be free: Southern planters attempted to hide news about this proclamation from their slaves
Whiteness
evokes a hegemonic cultural logic that consciously and unconsciously reinforces white attitudes, beliefs, and positions as the dominant, unquestioned way of life
Welfare Queen
A pejorative phrase used to describe someone, usually black, who collects excessive welfare payments through fraud or manipulation
Blaxploitation Films
Blaxploitation films were originally made specifically for an urban black audience, but the genre's audience appeal soon broadened across racial and ethnic lines once Hollywood realized the potential profit of expanding the audiences of blaxpoitation film
The Tragic Mulatto
is an archetypical mixed-race person (a "mulatto"), who is assumed to be sad, or even suicidal, because they fail to completely fit in the "white world" or the "black world
Blackface
a form of theatrical make-up used predominantly by non-black performers to represent a black person
Racial Ideology
denoting or relating to the division of the human species into races on grounds of physical characteristics , characteristic of any such group
Double Consciousness
a sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes of others, of measuring one's soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity
Sambo
simple minded, childish, happy slave
13th Amendment
December 1865 it was ratified; Prohibited slavery throughout the United States
Pickaninny
Negro child: harmless little screwball creation whose eyes pooped out, whose hair stood on end, and whose antics were pleasant and diverting
Birth of a nation
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Anti racism
includes beliefs, actions, movements, and policies adopted or developed to oppose racism.
third cinema
Latin american film movement which decries neocolonialism, the capitalist system, and the Hollywood model of cinema as mere entertainment to make money.
visual sovereignty
the creative self-representation of Native American visual artists (performance art, studio art, internet media, and the televisual)
virtual reservation
the space in which native americans create and contest self images and where these images collide with a mass mediated representations of indians by the dominant culture can be thought of as a visual reservation
noble savage
Idealized picture of "natures gentleman": this character was deemed worthy because it was unspoiled by material developments and the trappings of modernity. It was often billed as a nonwhite, indigenous, and exotic savage that the white explore would disc
shaman
Represents a deeply religious and mysterious character; medicine men.healers with sacred knowledge
be twice as good
all my life id hear people tell their black boys and girls to "be twice as good" which is to say " accept half as much
Convict Leasing
was a system of penal labor practiced in the Southern United States. Convict leasing provided prisoner labor to private parties, such as plantation owners and corporations
Redfacing
The cultural and ideological work of playing indian both on-screen and off-screen; Native actives became human shields to absorb, deflect, redirect, and placate the fantasies projected on these "celluloid Indians" by the dominant culture
Appropriation
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Fourth Cinema
these films are often screened for home communities before their national and international release
Sherman Alexie
Native American poet, novelist, performer and filmmaker; challenges hegemonic and stereotypical ages of American indians through portraying a complex, humanizing, and contemporary image of american indians
James Young Deer
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The expected Idea
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The Vanishing American
the notion that indians were doomed to disappear, either through assimilation into white culture or through the attrition of warfare and disease
Black Codes
discriminatory criminal laws that created new criminal offenses such as "vagrancy" and "loitering". This led to the mass arrest and incarceration of black people
Assimilation
the process whereby a minority group gradually adapts to the customs and attitudes of the prevailing culture and customs.
Ethocentricism
evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture.
Iron Eyes Cody
Italian-American actor. He portrayed Native Americans in Hollywood films
Pocohonatas
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Chief Buffalo Child Longlance
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Trickster
work in the service of their community, albeit in often clumsy, violent, outlier, sexualized, or humorous ways
Westerns
genre films and they way they represented indians
Warrior
Savage warrior, heroic and noble warrior/hunter, depicted as stoic and in touch with nature, peace-long but will to fight if necessary
DeMille Indians
In 1940, A petition sought to legalize a technologically defines identity while seemingly making no specific land claims and involving no treaty rights.
Terror Lynchings
Between the Civil War and WWII, thousands of AA were lynched. Sparked the mass migration of millions of black people from the south into urban ghettos in the north and west.
Abstract Liberalism
using ideas associated with political liberalism ( equal opportunity," the idea that force should not be used to achieve social policy), and economic liberalism is an abstract manner to explain racial matters
Naturalization
allows whites to explain away racial phenomena by suggesting they are natural occurrences; "thats the way it is
Cultural Racism
a frame the relies on culturally based arguments such as "Mexicans do not put much emphasis on education" or "blacks have to many babies" to explain the standing of minorities in society
Minimization of Racism
a frame that suggests discrimination is no longer a central factor affecting minorities life changes