chemical texturizing
physical and chemical actions to permanently change the texture of hair
perm
add volume, texture and movement
relaxer
loosen or reduce hair texture
reforming
change type of curl or reconfiguration
Charles nessler
1905- invented permanent waving machine
vans and mcdonough
1931- first chemical perm with bi-sulphides
Arnold willatt
1938- invented the first cold wave
exothermic
heat waves that are self-timed and self-heated are called
endothermic
acid waves that require the application of heat are:
cold
what type of wave uses thioglycolic acid or its derivatives with ammonia and processes the hair without heat?
croquingnole
the overlap method of wrapping hair around a perm tool is also called
2.5
to achieve the desired curl formation, hair should wrap around the rod at least how many times
concave
what type of rods produce a large curl pattern on either side and a smaller curl in the center.
double paper
the most common end paper technique used to avoid bunching at the end is the:
partings
the base is defined as the area between two
half off base
the most common base control for perming is
equal to the diameter of perm rod
in perming, a one base size is
reduce strength
a larger base size will have which of the following effects on the curl?
on base
to achieve maximum volume which tool position should be used
underdirected
which tool position is used in perimeter areas where closeness is desired
off base
the tool position used when only a minimum degree of volume is desired is the
heat
what element do most acid waves use along with tension and waving lotion to process hair?
disulfide bonds
what structure must be permanently broken to change the hair from a straight to a curly state?
8.0- 9.5
alkaline waves carry a ph of
rebonding
neutralizing is also known as
neutralizer
what procedure reduces the swelling of the hair and hardens the bonds into the new size and shape during a perm process
neutralizers
hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate or sodium bromate are commonly used in
alkaline
which waving solution is not recommended for porous or damaged hair
potassium
which of the following chemicals is NOT one of the main ingredients found in most neutralizers
8
low ph alkaline waves have a ph of
6.9- 7.2
acid waves have a ph of
alkaline waves
hair must be wrapped without tension when using
boosts penetration of waving solution
wrapping with firm, even tension when using an acid wave produces which of the following effects
neutralizer
it is essential to completely rinse the perm solutions before applying the:
alkaline
which of the following waving solutions has the shortest processing time
acid
which perm creates soft, natural curls
porosity
which term refers to the hair's ability to absorb moisture, liquids and chemicals?
cystemine hydrochloride
thio-free perms use what as a reducing agent?
metallic salts test
what is the purpose of performing a 1:20 test
rectangle
which perm wrap is considered the most basic>
limp curl
rods too large for the desired curl can cause
uneven curl pattern
too much hair on the rod can cause
sodium hydroxide
most common ingredient found in products that completely straighten hair
sodium hydroxide
which relaxer is classified as a lye product
11.5 - 14
sodium hydroxide relaxers have a ph of
8.5 - 9.5
ph of ammonium thioglycolate
sodium hyroxide
What products should NOT be applied to hair that has been previously permed with ammonium thioglycolate
elasticity
a pull test is performed to check for which of the following conditions
porosity
a filling test is
tight curl or resistant
sodium hydroxide relaxers are generally used on what type of hair
curl diffusion
technique used to loosen or relax tightly curled hair patterns by approximately 50% of their natural shape
double process perm
soft curls are known as what
curl rearranger
ammonium thioglycolate is the main ingrediant in
2
when performing a curl reforming procedure, the rod diameter should be at least how many times times larger than the diameter of the natural curl pattern
mild ammonium thioglycolate
main ingredient found in booster