chemical texturizing

chemical texturizing

physical and chemical actions to permanently change the texture of hair

perm

add volume, texture and movement

relaxer

loosen or reduce hair texture

reforming

change type of curl or reconfiguration

Charles nessler

1905- invented permanent waving machine

vans and mcdonough

1931- first chemical perm with bi-sulphides

Arnold willatt

1938- invented the first cold wave

exothermic

heat waves that are self-timed and self-heated are called

endothermic

acid waves that require the application of heat are:

cold

what type of wave uses thioglycolic acid or its derivatives with ammonia and processes the hair without heat?

croquingnole

the overlap method of wrapping hair around a perm tool is also called

2.5

to achieve the desired curl formation, hair should wrap around the rod at least how many times

concave

what type of rods produce a large curl pattern on either side and a smaller curl in the center.

double paper

the most common end paper technique used to avoid bunching at the end is the:

partings

the base is defined as the area between two

half off base

the most common base control for perming is

equal to the diameter of perm rod

in perming, a one base size is

reduce strength

a larger base size will have which of the following effects on the curl?

on base

to achieve maximum volume which tool position should be used

underdirected

which tool position is used in perimeter areas where closeness is desired

off base

the tool position used when only a minimum degree of volume is desired is the

heat

what element do most acid waves use along with tension and waving lotion to process hair?

disulfide bonds

what structure must be permanently broken to change the hair from a straight to a curly state?

8.0- 9.5

alkaline waves carry a ph of

rebonding

neutralizing is also known as

neutralizer

what procedure reduces the swelling of the hair and hardens the bonds into the new size and shape during a perm process

neutralizers

hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate or sodium bromate are commonly used in

alkaline

which waving solution is not recommended for porous or damaged hair

potassium

which of the following chemicals is NOT one of the main ingredients found in most neutralizers

8

low ph alkaline waves have a ph of

6.9- 7.2

acid waves have a ph of

alkaline waves

hair must be wrapped without tension when using

boosts penetration of waving solution

wrapping with firm, even tension when using an acid wave produces which of the following effects

neutralizer

it is essential to completely rinse the perm solutions before applying the:

alkaline

which of the following waving solutions has the shortest processing time

acid

which perm creates soft, natural curls

porosity

which term refers to the hair's ability to absorb moisture, liquids and chemicals?

cystemine hydrochloride

thio-free perms use what as a reducing agent?

metallic salts test

what is the purpose of performing a 1:20 test

rectangle

which perm wrap is considered the most basic>

limp curl

rods too large for the desired curl can cause

uneven curl pattern

too much hair on the rod can cause

sodium hydroxide

most common ingredient found in products that completely straighten hair

sodium hydroxide

which relaxer is classified as a lye product

11.5 - 14

sodium hydroxide relaxers have a ph of

8.5 - 9.5

ph of ammonium thioglycolate

sodium hyroxide

What products should NOT be applied to hair that has been previously permed with ammonium thioglycolate

elasticity

a pull test is performed to check for which of the following conditions

porosity

a filling test is

tight curl or resistant

sodium hydroxide relaxers are generally used on what type of hair

curl diffusion

technique used to loosen or relax tightly curled hair patterns by approximately 50% of their natural shape

double process perm

soft curls are known as what

curl rearranger

ammonium thioglycolate is the main ingrediant in

2

when performing a curl reforming procedure, the rod diameter should be at least how many times times larger than the diameter of the natural curl pattern

mild ammonium thioglycolate

main ingredient found in booster