What are the 2 fiber sources
Natural and manufactured (synthetic)
Def. Natural
Grow in fiber form,come from plant or animal sources
Def. Manufactured or synthetic
(Synthetic)made into fibers from chemical composition or man made manufactured come from natural sources like wool
Fiber Performance properties determined by (3)
physical structure, chemical composition , and molecular arrangement
What determines fiber physical structure (5)
length, diameter, cross-section, surface contour,crimp, and fiber parts
Def. Staple Fibers
short fibers measured in inches
All natural fibers grow in staple form except
silk
Staple fiber fabrics tend to
fuzzy, soft, and comfortable bc there are a lot of fiber ends
What items are made out of staple fibers?
wool vest or sweater, cotton scarf
Def. Filament fibers
long continuous fiber strands measured in yards
Filament fibers tend to be
smooth, or textured, smooth, lustrous, and cool. nOT FUZZY!
Man made fibers start at _______ fibers then they turn into or cut into _____ fibers to blend with others
filament; staple
What items are made out of filament fibers?
nylon jacket, silk blazer, nylon handbag
Def. Cross section
fiber shape, affects luster, body or space, texture, and hand
You can control natural fiber's cross section. true or false
false, cross section cannot be controlled
You can control the cross section of others to affect performance properties. true or false
TRUE
How can you control the cross section of manufactured fibers?
through the spinneret, with the shape of spinneret and the spinning method
Def. Diameter
thickness or thinness of a fiber
What does diameter affect?
performance and hand (how fabric feels in the hands)
Coarse fibers are...
thick; tend to feel rough, crisp, stiff, and resist crushing (thick)
Fine fibers are...
thin; tend to feel soft , drapeable (hold and hangs), lightweight, and flexible
____ fibers are considered to be high quality
Fine fibers!
Def. Surface contour
the outer surface of the fiber along length
Words you can describe surface contour
smooth, rough, striated
What does surface contour affect?
affects luster,texture, noticeable soiling (how obvious you can see stains with a bright light)
Smoother surface contour reflects light. True or False
TRUE
Def. Longitudinal Configuration
the wave formation of a fiber; or crimp
What is another word for longitudinal configuration?
CRIMP
Words to describe crimp?
straight/linear or no crimp, wavy
What does crimp do?
increases comfort, cohesiveness, resistance to abrasion, resiliency (wrinkle recovery), stretch,, bulk, warmth, absorbency. THINK WOOL
What decreases crimp?
luster b/c uneven directs light. ex. wool is highly crimped or wavy
Fiber Chemical Composition are grouped by...
chemical makeup
Def. cellulosic
come from plants
protein
wool and silk
synthetic
composed in a variety of chemicals, are hydrophobic, or mineral (glass)
What dies the fiber Molecular Arrangement do
arrangement of molecules can change the fiber's performance
Def. luster
amount of light reflected by a surface (shiny, dull, matte, sheen)
Def. Drape
the way a fabric falls ex. chiffon is very drapeable
Fine fibers are thin so they...
drape
Def. Texture
the nature of the fabric surface, both visual and tactile senses
Def. Hand
the way a fabric feels to the skin; related to emotional sensations like luxurious; how it makes you feel
Def. resiliency
ability to return to original shape after twisting and crushing, ability to resist wrinkle; ex. smooth, wool has good resiliency
Def. durability
ability to maintain its intended or original look, will not fall apart
Def. abrasion resistance
ability to withstand rubbing from regular use
Def. flexability
ability to bend repeatedly without breaking
Def. tenacity
strength, ability to resist stress like pulling or tearing
Def. pilling
formation of tangled balls of fiber on fabric surface;results from from abrasion. ex. cotton
Def. elongation
ability to stretch without breaking
Def. elasticity
ability to recover from stretch
Def. comfort
ability to keep the wearer in a neutral or comfortable state
Def. absorbency
ability to take up moisture from the body or environment
Def. hydrophilic
absorb moisture; love water, absorb, comfortable
Def. hydrophobic
little to no absorbency
Def. hydroscopic
absorb moisture without feeling wet; proteins or wool primarily
Def. wicking
ability to transfer moisture across surface; the result is cooler, dries faster, and comfortable
Def. heat retention
ability to hold onto heat
Def. maintenance
ability to remain in original state; no fading, stretching, or shrinking
Def. dimensional stability
ability to retain original size and shape, ability to maintain size
Def. cover
the ability of a fiber to protect or conceal
Def. flammability
describes how a fabric reacts to ignition sources
Def. heat conductivity
the ability to transfer heat through fabric
Def. oleophilic
describes fibers with a strong attraction for oil
What is cost affected by
how a fiber is produced, the number of processes or manufacturing steps the fiber/fabric goes through.
Abrasion resistance, or the ability to withstand friction or rubbing from regular use, affects which component of serviceability?
Durability
Surface contour is also known as?
Texture
A fiber's cross section affects various fiber properties. Which of the following properties is affected by cross section?
luster, bulk and insulative value. NOT DURABILITY
Why would filament fibers be cut into short, staple fibers?
In order to resemble natural fibers
How would you describe the longitudinal configuration of wool fibers?
Wavy
The ability to bend repeatedly and not break is referred to as:
flexability
Crimped fibers will increase in:
warmth, stretch , cohesiveness,and resiliency