Chapter 10 figures and table information

Poxvirus
size and shape

Big circle

T4 bacteriophage
size and shape

head, tail fiber

adenovirus
size and shape

circle with lines coming out

paramyxovirus
size and shape

largest, round

Tobacco mosaic virus
size and shape

long rod

picornavirus, Reovirus
size and shape

very small

Herpesvirus
size and shape

medium circle

togavirus
size and shape

small circle

Picornaviridae

+ sense RNA virus
Polio, common cold, Hep A
EX: "Enterovirus
Rhinovirus
Hepatovirus

Togaviridae

+ sense RNA virus
"Rubella (German measles)
Equine encephalitis" "Rubella virus
Equine encephalitis virus

Flaviviridae

+ sense RNA virus
Yellow fever
Flavivirus

Reteroviridae (contain reverse transcriptase)

+ sense RNA virus
"HTLV-I
HIV"
Adult leukemia, tumors, AIDS

Paramyxoviridae

- sense RNA virus
Measles
Morbillivirus

Rhabdoviridae

- sense RNA virus
Rabies
Lyssavirus

Orthomyxoviridae

- sense RNA virus
Influenza A and B
Influenzavirus

Flioviridae

- sense RNA virus
"Hep C
Yellow fever
Marburg
Ebola"
Filovirus

Bunyavirdae

- sense DNA virus
Respiratory distress hemorrhagic fever
Hantavirus

Reoviridae

Double stranded RNA virus
Respiratory and gastrointestinal infections
Rotavirus

Adenovirdae

double stranded dna viruses
Respiratory infections
Human adenoviruses

Herpesviridae

double stranded dna virus
Oral and genital herpes, chicken pox, shingles
"Simplexvirus
Varicellovirus

Poxviridae

double stranded dna virus
Small pox, cow pox
Orthopoxvirus

Hepadnaviridae

double stranded dna virus
Hep b
Hep b virus

Papovaviridae

double stranded dna virus
Warts, cervical and penile cancers
Human papillomaviruses

Parvovirdiae

single stranded dna virus
Fifth disease in children
B19

Rhinovirus

human common cold, the colors represent different capsomers of the capsid

Genome

(head of bacteriophage) carries the genetic information necessary for replication of new phage particles

Tail sheath

retracts so that the genome can move from the bacteriophages head into the host cells cytoplasm

Plate and tail fibers

attach to specific receptor sites on the cell wall of a susceptible host bacterium

DNA is store in the.....of the bacteriophage

Head

Steps in replication of a virulent bacteriophage

1 Adsorption
2 Penetration
3 Biosynthesis
4 maturation
5 release

step one of bacteriophage replication

adsorption
phage is adsorbed onto bacterial cell wall

step two of bacteriophage replication

penetration
phage penetrates bacterial cell wall and cell membrane, phage dna is injected

step three of bacteriophage replication

biosynthesis
the phage dna directs the cells metabolism to produce viral components-proteins and copies of phage dna

step four of bacteriophage replication

Maturation
assembly of newly synthesized viral components into complete phages

step five of bacteriophage replication

release
bacterial cell lyses, releasing mature phages

Eclipse period

spans from penetration through biosynthesis

in the eclipse period mature virions are

undetected

Latent period

spans from penetration to the point of phage release

Replication of a temperate bacteriophage

following adsorption and penetration, the virus undergoes prophage formation
once established as a prophage, the virus can remain dormant for a long time through the lysogenic cycle

lysogenic cycle

period of bacterial growth with a prophage

Prophage

viral dna within the bacterial chromosome

temperate phages do

not always undergo a lytic cycle

lysogen

combination of a bacterium and a temerate phage

Bacteriophage

attachment of tail fibers to cell wall proteins
injection of viral nucleic acid through bacterial cell wall
no uncoating needed
synthesis in cytoplasm, bacterial synthesis ceased, wiral dna or rna replicated, formation of viral mrna
host cell lysis
chroni

animal virus

attachment of spikes, capsid or envelope to plasma membrane proteins
penetration through endocytosis or fusion
uncoating: enzymatic digestion of viral proteins
synthesis in cytoplasm for rna viruses and in nucleus for dna viruses, host cell synthesis is c

viron

a complete virus particle
consists of capsid, dna and sometimes envelopes

SS vs DS

single stand vs double strand
1883, A Mayer
viruses can have single strand

Replication of rna virus
-

RNA (rna polymerase) ->
RNA-mrna->protein-----
------->new viral RNA--
---->new virus

Replication of rna virus
+

RNA-mrna--> proteins---
-------->new viral RNA--
--->new virus

Replication of rna virus
HIV

Viral RNA(reverse transcriptase(R.T.))--->DNA--mRNA-->proteins & RT---
---->new viral RNA-----
--->new virus

Rhinoviruses have

canyons that attach to specific membrane proteins on the host cell membrane

HIV has

specific envelope spikes (viral glycoproteins) that attach to a membrane receptor on the surface of specific host immune defense cells

viriods differ from virus in four ways

1 each viriod consists of a single circular rna molecule of low molecular weight
2 viriods exist inside cells, usually inside of nucleolo, as particles of rna without capsids or envolopes
3 viroid rna does not produce proteins
4 unlike virus rna, which ma

virus

contains nucleic acid
has the presence of capsid or envelope
has the presence of protein

viroid

single strand rna
no capsid/envolope, or protein

Prion

no nucleic acid, capsid/envolope
has the presence of protein

Poxvirus
size and shape

Big circle

T4 bacteriophage
size and shape

head, tail fiber

adenovirus
size and shape

circle with lines coming out

paramyxovirus
size and shape

largest, round

Tobacco mosaic virus
size and shape

long rod

picornavirus, Reovirus
size and shape

very small

Herpesvirus
size and shape

medium circle

togavirus
size and shape

small circle

Picornaviridae

+ sense RNA virus
Polio, common cold, Hep A
EX: "Enterovirus
Rhinovirus
Hepatovirus

Togaviridae

+ sense RNA virus
"Rubella (German measles)
Equine encephalitis" "Rubella virus
Equine encephalitis virus

Flaviviridae

#NAME?

Reteroviridae (contain reverse transcriptase)

+ sense RNA virus
"HTLV-I
HIV"
Adult leukemia, tumors, AIDS

Paramyxoviridae

#NAME?

Rhabdoviridae

#NAME?

Orthomyxoviridae

#NAME?

Flioviridae

- sense RNA virus
"Hep C
Yellow fever
Marburg
Ebola"
Filovirus

Bunyavirdae

#NAME?

Reoviridae

Double stranded RNA virus
Respiratory and gastrointestinal infections
Rotavirus

Adenovirdae

double stranded dna viruses
Respiratory infections
Human adenoviruses

Herpesviridae

double stranded dna virus
Oral and genital herpes, chicken pox, shingles
"Simplexvirus
Varicellovirus

Poxviridae

double stranded dna virus
Small pox, cow pox
Orthopoxvirus

Hepadnaviridae

double stranded dna virus
Hep b
Hep b virus

Papovaviridae

double stranded dna virus
Warts, cervical and penile cancers
Human papillomaviruses

Parvovirdiae

single stranded dna virus
Fifth disease in children
B19

Rhinovirus

human common cold, the colors represent different capsomers of the capsid

Genome

(head of bacteriophage) carries the genetic information necessary for replication of new phage particles

Tail sheath

retracts so that the genome can move from the bacteriophages head into the host cells cytoplasm

Plate and tail fibers

attach to specific receptor sites on the cell wall of a susceptible host bacterium

DNA is store in the.....of the bacteriophage

Head

Steps in replication of a virulent bacteriophage

1 Adsorption
2 Penetration
3 Biosynthesis
4 maturation
5 release

step one of bacteriophage replication

adsorption
phage is adsorbed onto bacterial cell wall

step two of bacteriophage replication

penetration
phage penetrates bacterial cell wall and cell membrane, phage dna is injected

step three of bacteriophage replication

biosynthesis
the phage dna directs the cells metabolism to produce viral components-proteins and copies of phage dna

step four of bacteriophage replication

Maturation
assembly of newly synthesized viral components into complete phages

step five of bacteriophage replication

release
bacterial cell lyses, releasing mature phages

Eclipse period

spans from penetration through biosynthesis

in the eclipse period mature virions are

undetected

Latent period

spans from penetration to the point of phage release

Replication of a temperate bacteriophage

following adsorption and penetration, the virus undergoes prophage formation
once established as a prophage, the virus can remain dormant for a long time through the lysogenic cycle

lysogenic cycle

period of bacterial growth with a prophage

Prophage

viral dna within the bacterial chromosome

temperate phages do

not always undergo a lytic cycle

lysogen

combination of a bacterium and a temerate phage

Bacteriophage

attachment of tail fibers to cell wall proteins
injection of viral nucleic acid through bacterial cell wall
no uncoating needed
synthesis in cytoplasm, bacterial synthesis ceased, wiral dna or rna replicated, formation of viral mrna
host cell lysis
chroni

animal virus

attachment of spikes, capsid or envelope to plasma membrane proteins
penetration through endocytosis or fusion
uncoating: enzymatic digestion of viral proteins
synthesis in cytoplasm for rna viruses and in nucleus for dna viruses, host cell synthesis is c

viron

a complete virus particle
consists of capsid, dna and sometimes envelopes

SS vs DS

single stand vs double strand
1883, A Mayer
viruses can have single strand

Replication of rna virus
-

RNA (rna polymerase) ->
RNA-mrna->protein-----
------->new viral RNA--
---->new virus

Replication of rna virus
+

RNA-mrna--> proteins---
-------->new viral RNA--
--->new virus

Replication of rna virus
HIV

Viral RNA(reverse transcriptase(R.T.))--->DNA--mRNA-->proteins & RT---
---->new viral RNA-----
--->new virus

Rhinoviruses have

canyons that attach to specific membrane proteins on the host cell membrane

HIV has

specific envelope spikes (viral glycoproteins) that attach to a membrane receptor on the surface of specific host immune defense cells

viriods differ from virus in four ways

1 each viriod consists of a single circular rna molecule of low molecular weight
2 viriods exist inside cells, usually inside of nucleolo, as particles of rna without capsids or envolopes
3 viroid rna does not produce proteins
4 unlike virus rna, which ma

virus

contains nucleic acid
has the presence of capsid or envelope
has the presence of protein

viroid

single strand rna
no capsid/envolope, or protein

Prion

no nucleic acid, capsid/envolope
has the presence of protein