Radiation
The enission of energy in the form of waves through space or a material
X radiation
Is a high energy ionizing electromagnetic radiation
X ray
A form of ionizing radiation
Radiology
Is the science or study of radiation as used in medicine
Radiograph
Is an image produced on photosensitive film by exposing the film to X-rays and then processing it
Dental radiology
The making of radiographs of the teeth and adjacent structures though exposure to xrays
Ionizing radiation
Radiantion that produces ionization
Anode
The positive electrode in the X-ray tube
Cathode
The negative electrode in the X-ray tube
Primary beam
Is the most penetrating beam produced at the target of the anode
Ion
An electrically changed particle
Kilovoltage peak
Is the X-ray tube peak voltage used during an X-ray exposure
Milliampere
Is 1/1000 of an ampere a unit of measurement used to describe the intensity of an electric current
Electrons
Tiny negatively charged particles found in the atom
Tungsten target
A focal spot in the anode
Contrast
Is the difference in degrees of blackness on a radiograph
Density
Is the overall darkness of a radiograph
Dose
The amount of energy absorbed by tissues
Genetic
Are effects of radiation that are passed on to future generations through genetic cells
Somatic
Effects of radiation that caused illness that is responsible for poor health
Latent period
The period of time between exposure to ionizing radiation and the appearance of symptoms
ALARA
Is a concept of radiation protection that states that all exposures should be kept as low as responsibly achievable
Proton
Is a minute bundle of pure energy that has no weight or mass
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has form or shape
Digital imaging
Is a film less method of capturing an image and displaying it by using an image sensor an electronic signal and a computer to process and store the image
Penumbra
The blurred or indistinct area that surrounds an image
Image
A film based of digitally produced recording of an anatomic structure
Image receptor
Is a recording medium for images such as a film or sensor
Energy
The ability to do work takes. Cannot be created nor destroyed
W.c roentgen
Discovered xrays
C. Edmund kells
First person to make practical use of radiographs in dentistry
Ionization
Is the process by which elections are removed from electrically stable atoms
Tube head, PID, extension arm
The primary components of a dental X-ray machine
Cathode
Negative electrode inside the X-ray tube
Anode
Positive electrode ins for the X-ray tube
Milliamperage selecter
What is located on the X-ray machine control panel
99 percent
During the production of X-rays, how much energy is lost as heat
Primary, secondary, and scatter
3 Types of radiation
Radiolucent
Appears DARK on a processed radiograph
Radiopaque
Appears LIGHT on a processed radiograph
kVp
What exposure factor controls contrast
Density
Overall darkness of a processed radiograph
Ionization
The name of the process for the harmful effects of crays
Latent period
The period of time between X-ray exposure and the appearance of symptoms
Genetic effect
Radiation that is passed on to future generations
Traditional, SI
System that is used to measure radiation
5.0 Rems/year
The maximum permissible dose of radiation for occupation ally exposed persons is
Purpose of the collimator
Reduce the exposure of the primary beam, restrict the size of the primary beam
Remove the low energy long wavelength rate
The purpose of the aluminum filter is to
All patients
Which patients should wear a lead apron and thyroid collar
Purpose of personnel monitoring
To record the Amount of radiation the operator receives
Purpose of equipment monitoring
To check for radiation leakage
ALARA concept
All exposure to radiation should be kept to a minimum or as low as resonantly achievable
To direct the X-ray beam
What is the purpose of using a position indicator device
Bremsstrahlung radiation
What is the primary type of radiation produced in the dental X-ray tube head
Collimator
Used to restrict the size and shape of the X-ray beam as a means of reducing patient exposure
Aluminum filtration
Xray machine operating at 70 kVp or higher must have aluminum filtration of 2.5
Critical organs
Skin, thyroid gland, lens of eye, bone marrow
The shorter the wave length
The greater the energy