Reduces the swelling caused by the alkalinity
A neutralizer rebounds and restores the disulfide bonds and:
Allow for proper saturation of the perm solution
A smooth wrapping pattern in a permanent wave will:
Glycerol monothioglycolate
Acid waves are formulated with:
Endothermic
Acid waves that require the application of heat are called:
Record card
After completing a service, it is important to update the client's:
An "S" pattern
After unwinding the perm rod 1 1/2 times, the test curl should show:
Stronger curls
Alkaline perms produce faster processing times and:
Swell
Alkaline waves should be wrapped without tension because the alkaline reforming lotion causes the hair to:
Acid wave perm
An infrared lamp provides heat when processing an:
Previously permed
Before perming, identify if the hair has been tinted, bleached, highlighted/frosted or:
Texture of hair
Chemical texturizing is the process of using physical and chemical actions to permanently change the:
Stronger alkaline solution
During a perm, resistant hair may require:
Keep the hair smoothly wrapped around the perm tool
End papers are important to control hair ends during the perming process and to:
Texture
Hair density does not always match which of the following?
Texture
Hair is generally referred to as fine, medium or coarse when describing its:
Alkaline waves
Hair must be wrapped without tension when using:
Coarse
Hair texture relates to the actual size or diameter of an individual hair strand and is usually classified as fine, medium or:
Breakage or dryness
Hair wound on rods with too much tension may cause which of the following results?
Exothermic
Heat waves that are self-timed and self-heated are called:
By blotting the hair with a towel
How does the stylist remove excess water from the hair before applying the neutralizer?
Rinse thoroughly with cool water
If perm solution comes in contact with the client's eyes or skin, which of the following actions should be taken?
Uneven curl
If the base is longer than a perm rod, the result will be:
Strong disulfide bonds
In alkaline (cold) waves, the perm solution chemically breaks (or reduces) the:
Fish hooks on the ends of the hair
In the perm procedure, proper end paper techniques will eliminate crimps or:
Neutralizer
It is essential to completely rise the perm solution before applying the:
Lead to hair damage
Leaving the neutralizer on longer than indicated can:
8
Low pH alkaline waves have a pH of:
Tension may cause breakage
On-base control is not recommended for alkaline perms since expansion is limited at the base and:
Curly when wet and frizzy when dry
Over-processed hair could be indicated by hair that is:
Position new texture only where it is desired
Partial perms are designed to:
Gently towel-dried
Prior to performing a preliminary test curl, hair should be shampooed and:
Prevent perm from processing
Proper draping procedures for chemical services accomplish all of the following EXCEPT:
A limp curl
Rods too large for the desired curl can cause:
Inconsistent curl formation
Skipping rods when applying perm solution could cause:
Cortex
Strong disulfide bonds are found in which layer of the hair?
Porosity
The ability of the hair to absorb and/or retain liquids is called:
Swell
The alkalinity of cold waves causes the hair fiber to soften and:
Partings
The base is the area between two:
Wrapping hair around the perm tool
The chemical phase of perms involves all of the following EXCEPT:
Deliver and complete
The consultation process consists of Greet, Analyze, Agree and:
1926
The croquignole method of wrapping was invented in:
1905
The first machine capable of producing permanent curl was invented in:
Off base
The four basic tool positions are on base, half off base, under-directed and:
Elasticity
The hair's ability to stretch and return to its original shape is called:
Charles Nessler
The inventor of the first permanent wave machine was:
Glycerol monothioglycolate
The main ingredient found in an acid waves is:
Endothermic
The method of perming when you apply a plastic cap on the client's head and place her under a preheated dryer is:
The less resistant it is to absorbing perm solution
The more porous the hair is:
Half off base
The most common base control for perming is a
Croquignole
The overlap method of wrapping hair around a perm tool is also called:
2.5 to 7
The pH of a neutralizer will range from:
Metallic salt
The presence of what hair color ingredient would signal that you should absolutely not proceed with a perm?
9-block pattern
The rectangle wrap is also called the:
Tool position
The size of the base and the angle at which the hair is held while wrapping determines the:
Perming
The three classifications of chemical texturizing are relaxing, curl reforming and:
Spiral
The two basic wrapping techniques for perming are called the overlap (croquignole) and:
Physical and chemical
The two major phases of permanent waving are:
2 1/2 times
To achieve the desired curl formation, hair should wrap around the rod at least how many times?
On base
To create more volume, which tool position should be used?
Prewrapping product
To equalize the porosity of highly porous hair, it may be necessary to use which of the following products?
Large diameter rods
To produce wave formations or body waves it is necessary to use:
Rinsed
To remove all chemicals after the hair has been neutralized, the hair needs to be:
Ammonium thioglycolate
Today's alkaline waves are formulated with:
An uneven curl pattern
Too much hair on the hair rods can cause:
Weaken the curl formation
Water left in the end papers after rinsing the perm solution will dilute the neutralizer and:
Incomplete neutralizaton
What could be the cause of a perm not lasting as long as expected?
Underprocessing
What could be the cause of weak or limp curls?
Perm rod
What determines the size and shape of the new curl configuration?
Cystemine hydrochloride
What do this-free perms use as a reducing agent?
Cushion
What end paper technique incorporates several end papers positioned along the strand?
Double-paper
What is the most common end paper technique because it allows maximum control of tapered ends and avoids bunching at the ends?
Piggyback
What is the name for positioning two perm rods along a single strand to create a continued wave patter in long hair?
6.9 to 7.2
What is the range of pH for acid waves?
8.0 to 9.5
What is the range of pH for alkaline waves?
Neutralizer
What lowers the pH of hair and rebonds the curl pattern during an alkaline wave procedure?
Protective cream
What product is applied to a client's hairline prior to a perm service to protect the skin?
Swelling of the hair
What provides the tension necessary in an alkaline wave?
Applying neutralizer
What reduces the swilling of the hair and hardens the bonds into the new size and shape during a perm process?
Rinsing
What removes the excess waving lotion?
Rectangular
What shapes bases are used when wrapping the spiral technique?
Reconditon
What should you do to weak or damaged hair before perming?
Concave
What type of rod produces a smaller curl in the center and a wider, more spiraling pattern on the ends?
Cold wave
What type of wave uses thioglycolic acid or its derivatives with ammonia and processes the hair without heat?
Small diameter rods
What types of rods produce small, firm curls
Straight
What types of rods produces curls or waves that are uniform throughout the hair strands?
Acid
What waves cause minimal swelling and must be wrapped with firm, even tension?
Alkaline
What waves process the fastest because of their higher pH?
30 minutes
When performing a metallic test, immerse at least 20 strands of hair in the prepared mixture for:
The manufacturer's directions
When performing a perm service, it is most important to carefully follow:
Potassium
Which of the following chemicals is NOT one of the main ingredients found in most neutralizer?
One end paper folded in half
Which of the following descriptions identifies the end paper placement for the bookend technique used during perm wrapping?
Alkaline waves
Which of the following has a greater chance of damaging the hair?
Alkaline waves
Which of the following has the shortest processing time?
Better for use on resistant hair
Which of the following is NOT true about acid perms?
Bricklay
Which of the following perm patterns positions tools in a staggered configuration?
Hair that has been colored cannot be permed
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
The texture, elasticity and porosity of the client's hair
Which of the following will help a stylist determine the proper perm solution for a client?
Test curl
Which of the following will help determine how your client's hair will react to a perm?
Rectangle
Which perm wrap is considered most basic perm wrap pattern?
Bricklay
Which perm wrap pattern helps to avoid splits between bases?
Off base
Which tool position results in no curl at the scalp and a minimal degree of volume?
Acid
Which type of wave is recommended for color treated, highly porous or previously permed hair?
Alkaline
Which wave is knot recommended for porous or damaged hair?
Alkaline
Which waves are processed without heat?
Spiral bricklay
Which wrapping procedure is used on medium to longer hair to achieve an elongated curl pattern?
1.5
With and under-directed tool position. The base size is at least how many times the diameter of the tool?
The desired result
Wrapping hair smoothly and evenly around the perm tool, using the appropriate tension, will produce: