Long
What length of hair was Charles Nessler's heat permanent waving machine suitable for?
Overlap Method
In 1926, the croquignole method of wrapping hair from the ends to the scalp was created. What is another name for this wrapping method?
1938
In what year did Arnold Willatt create the first cold wave?
thioglycolic acid or a derivative
What was the active ingredient used in the first cold wave?
Both are equally important
Which phase of perming is the most important?
Medium to Long
What length of hair is the spiral technique most often used on?
The illusion of shorter length is created
As added texture expands the form:
Spiral and overlap
What are the two basic wrapping techniques for rotating strands around a perm tool?
Undulating waves and curls
The overlap (croquignole) technique produces which result?
Texture placement
Positioning texture in one or more specific areas or zones of the head, or along only a certain portion of the hairstrand is called:
D) all of the above
You can apply the design principles of repetition, alternation, progression and contrast:
a) along the strand
b) to texture within zones
c) throughout an entire composition
d) all of the above
D) all of the above
Perm patterns:
a) also known as wrapping patterns
b) affect the final look of the new curl pattern
c) help you organize and control how your perm service is performed
d) all of the above
Partial perms
Zonal perms are also called:
Disulfide Bonds
What structure must be permanently broken to change the hair from straight to curly state?
8.0-9.5
Alkaline perms carry a pH of:
Heat
Which element do most acid perms use along with tension and waving lotion to process hair?
Strong curl pattern
Which of the following statements is true about alkaline perms?
Perm rod
Which perm tool determines the size and shape of the new curl texture?
Density
The hair characteristics to assess in a pre-perm analysis are porosity, elasticity, texture and:
Croquignole
The method of wrapping hair from the end to the scalp (also known as the overlap method) is known as:
Base control
The size of the base and the angle at which the hair is held while wrapping determines the tool position or:
Off base
The four basic tool positions in perming are on base, half-off base, underdirected and:
One end paper folded in half
Which of the following descriptions identifies the bookend technique for end-paper placement?
Weaken the curl formation
Water left in end papers after rinsing the perm solution will dilute the neutralizer and:
Wrapping the hair around the perm tool
The chemical phase of perming does NOT involve:
Building rapport and trust
The Connect service essential includes:
Connect
Greeting your client with a firm handshake is part of which service essential?
Create
Producing a functional, predictable and pleasing result is part of which service essential?
Consult
Asking questions and analyzing the client's perm history and hair is part of which service essential?
Complete
Reinforcing the client's satisfaction is part of which service essential?
Legal information
The client record does NOT include:
Towels
Draping at the beginning of a perm service should include a plastic cape and:
Protective Cream
What is applied to a client's hairline prior to the chemical phase of the perm service?
Machineless Method
The preheated clamp process (croquignole) was called the preheat or:
1905
In what year did Charles Nessler make the first permanent waving machine?
1926
When was the croquignole method created?
1931
When did Ralph Evans and Everett McDonough create heatless techniques of perming?
Bisulfides
What does the heatless method use instead of electricity?
Overlap Method
The heatless wave is also called this:
Heat Reaction
In the cold wave, chemicals create no:
The early 1970's
When did acid (buffered) waves appear on the market?
Glyceryl Monothioglycolate
Acid waves contained a thioglycolic derivative (no ammonia) called:
Placing plastic cap on client and putting under dryer
Heat was added to an acid wave by:
Endothermic
Term when heat is absorbed from surroundings, and used in an acid wave:
6.9 to 7.2
Today's acid perms are in a range of:
Exothermic
The term for generating heat, and used in today's perms:
Acid Perms
This type causes minimal swelling so the hair is wrapped with firm, even tension
Hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate, or sodium bromate
Main ingredient in most neutralizers is one of the following:
Digital perm or soft wave
Uses heated rods and a temperature-regulating machine to digitally control heat
Physical & Chemical
The two phases of perms are:
Spiral
This type of curl creates an elongated texture pattern
Shorter length
Illusion of ___________ is created as texture is added to the form
Upward
Form line and weight area shift ____________
Zonal
Partial perms are also called __________ perms
Repetition
Same shape and diameter perm rod throughout the design
Alternation
Alternating rod sizes creates a mix of textures
Progression
Progression of rod diameters from small to large or large to small
Contrast
Extreme differences can be created by positioning the texture only in the selected area of the design
Perm pattern
The term used to refer to the way the perm tools are arranged around the client's head while wrapping
Rectangular
This pattern is also known as a 9-block
Sodium hydroxide or no lye
Never perm hair that has been treated with what type of relaxer?