Perming

Long

What length of hair was Charles Nessler's heat permanent waving machine suitable for?

Overlap Method

In 1926, the croquignole method of wrapping hair from the ends to the scalp was created. What is another name for this wrapping method?

1938

In what year did Arnold Willatt create the first cold wave?

thioglycolic acid or a derivative

What was the active ingredient used in the first cold wave?

Both are equally important

Which phase of perming is the most important?

Medium to Long

What length of hair is the spiral technique most often used on?

The illusion of shorter length is created

As added texture expands the form:

Spiral and overlap

What are the two basic wrapping techniques for rotating strands around a perm tool?

Undulating waves and curls

The overlap (croquignole) technique produces which result?

Texture placement

Positioning texture in one or more specific areas or zones of the head, or along only a certain portion of the hairstrand is called:

D) all of the above

You can apply the design principles of repetition, alternation, progression and contrast:
a) along the strand
b) to texture within zones
c) throughout an entire composition
d) all of the above

D) all of the above

Perm patterns:
a) also known as wrapping patterns
b) affect the final look of the new curl pattern
c) help you organize and control how your perm service is performed
d) all of the above

Partial perms

Zonal perms are also called:

Disulfide Bonds

What structure must be permanently broken to change the hair from straight to curly state?

8.0-9.5

Alkaline perms carry a pH of:

Heat

Which element do most acid perms use along with tension and waving lotion to process hair?

Strong curl pattern

Which of the following statements is true about alkaline perms?

Perm rod

Which perm tool determines the size and shape of the new curl texture?

Density

The hair characteristics to assess in a pre-perm analysis are porosity, elasticity, texture and:

Croquignole

The method of wrapping hair from the end to the scalp (also known as the overlap method) is known as:

Base control

The size of the base and the angle at which the hair is held while wrapping determines the tool position or:

Off base

The four basic tool positions in perming are on base, half-off base, underdirected and:

One end paper folded in half

Which of the following descriptions identifies the bookend technique for end-paper placement?

Weaken the curl formation

Water left in end papers after rinsing the perm solution will dilute the neutralizer and:

Wrapping the hair around the perm tool

The chemical phase of perming does NOT involve:

Building rapport and trust

The Connect service essential includes:

Connect

Greeting your client with a firm handshake is part of which service essential?

Create

Producing a functional, predictable and pleasing result is part of which service essential?

Consult

Asking questions and analyzing the client's perm history and hair is part of which service essential?

Complete

Reinforcing the client's satisfaction is part of which service essential?

Legal information

The client record does NOT include:

Towels

Draping at the beginning of a perm service should include a plastic cape and:

Protective Cream

What is applied to a client's hairline prior to the chemical phase of the perm service?

Machineless Method

The preheated clamp process (croquignole) was called the preheat or:

1905

In what year did Charles Nessler make the first permanent waving machine?

1926

When was the croquignole method created?

1931

When did Ralph Evans and Everett McDonough create heatless techniques of perming?

Bisulfides

What does the heatless method use instead of electricity?

Overlap Method

The heatless wave is also called this:

Heat Reaction

In the cold wave, chemicals create no:

The early 1970's

When did acid (buffered) waves appear on the market?

Glyceryl Monothioglycolate

Acid waves contained a thioglycolic derivative (no ammonia) called:

Placing plastic cap on client and putting under dryer

Heat was added to an acid wave by:

Endothermic

Term when heat is absorbed from surroundings, and used in an acid wave:

6.9 to 7.2

Today's acid perms are in a range of:

Exothermic

The term for generating heat, and used in today's perms:

Acid Perms

This type causes minimal swelling so the hair is wrapped with firm, even tension

Hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate, or sodium bromate

Main ingredient in most neutralizers is one of the following:

Digital perm or soft wave

Uses heated rods and a temperature-regulating machine to digitally control heat

Physical & Chemical

The two phases of perms are:

Spiral

This type of curl creates an elongated texture pattern

Shorter length

Illusion of ___________ is created as texture is added to the form

Upward

Form line and weight area shift ____________

Zonal

Partial perms are also called __________ perms

Repetition

Same shape and diameter perm rod throughout the design

Alternation

Alternating rod sizes creates a mix of textures

Progression

Progression of rod diameters from small to large or large to small

Contrast

Extreme differences can be created by positioning the texture only in the selected area of the design

Perm pattern

The term used to refer to the way the perm tools are arranged around the client's head while wrapping

Rectangular

This pattern is also known as a 9-block

Sodium hydroxide or no lye

Never perm hair that has been treated with what type of relaxer?