IELTS 8.4.19

niggle

(noun) a very small criticism or annoyance.

prospectus

(noun) a book or magazine that gives information about a school, college, or business for future students or customers

modular course

(noun) consisting of several units that together make a complete course, taught especially at a British college or university

put aside

(verb) to save something, e.g. money, for a special purpose (similar: to save for something)

personal finances

(noun) money that belongs to a person, rather than to a company or organization; the activity of managing your own money

initiative

(noun) a new plan or process to achieve something or solve a problem

sabbatical

(noun) a period of time when somebody is allowed to stop their normal work in order to study or travel

rhetoric

(noun) language that is intended to make people believe things, often language that is not sincere

scapegoat

(noun) someone or something that is blamed for a bad situation, although they have not caused it

lousy

(adjective) very bad

futility

(noun) certain not to have a successful effect or result; similar: pointlessness or uselessness

adjunct

(noun) an added part not essential to the whole; something added or connected to a larger or more important thing

stack up

(phrasal verb) to seem to be accurate or show that something is worth buying, investing in, or believing (e.g. Your ideas don't _______ ___. I don't believe you.)

prevalent

(adjective) existing very commonly or happening often

alienate

(verb) to cause someone or a group of people to stop supporting and agreeing with you (noun: -ation)

dubious

(adjective) doubtful; thought not able to be trusted

intrinsic

(adjective) being an extremely important and basic characteristic of a person or thing

manifesto

(noun) a written statement of the beliefs, aims, and policies of an organization, especially a political party

abolition

(noun) the act of ending an activity or custom officially

ingrained

(adjective) of beliefs or attitudes so firmly held that they are not likely to change