Octet Rule
Most elements are stable with 0 or 8 electrons in their valence shell
Metals
They normally lose electrons during chemical reactions. They are on the left side of the P. table
Non-metals
They normally gain electrons during chemical reactions. They are on the right side of the P. Table
Ion
An atom that has a net positive or negative charge.
Anion
An ion with a negative charge. Formed by gaining electrons
Cation
An ion with a positive charge. formed by losing electrons.
Ionic bond
attraction between a cation and anion
Ionic compound
chemical made by ionic bonds
-ide
The suffix added to a negative ion's name
charge
protons - electrons
valence electrons
electrons in the outermost shell, found by looking at the group number for most elements
8
atoms are most stable with 0 or ____ valence electrons
gives away electrons
ionic bonds form when one atom _________ to another atom
+1
the charge of an atom that has lost 1 electron
2+
the charge of an atom that has lost 2 electrons
3+
the charge of an atom that has lost 3 electrons
1-
the charge of an atom that has gained 1 electron
2-
the charge of an atom that has gained 2 electrons
3-
the charge of an atom that has gained 3 electrons
lose 1 electron
alkali metals are most stable when they ____
lose 2 electrons
alkaline metals are most stable when they ____
gain 1 electron
halogens are most stable when they ___
don't gain or lose any electrons
noble gases are most stable when they ____
metalloids
elements touching the zig-zag line of the PT
true
true or false: metals are better conductors than metalloids
false
true or false: non-metals are ductile and malleable
alkali metals
the most reactive family
alkaline earth metals
family with 2 valence electrons
transition metals
family that has Ni, Cu, and Zn
halogens
family of reactive non-metals
noble gases
family with full valence levels
period
row on the PT
group
column on the PT
protons - electrons
equation for charge
neutral
when an atom has equal number of protons and electrons, it is _____
ionization energy
the energy needed to make an atom a cation. Low for metals
electron affinity
the energy released when an atom becomes an anion. High for nonmetals
oxidation numbers
the common charges of atoms when following the octet rule
K2O
when K bonds with O, it makes ____
KO
when K bonds with O, it does not make ____
3
how many Br are needed to bond with B
metal and nonmetal
ionic bonds usually form between ___
lithium chloride
what is the name of LiCl
lithium chlorine
what is an incorrect name of LiCl