Hazmat Chemistry

The number of protons dictates the

Atomic number

The number of protons plus the number of neutrons dictates the

Atomic weight

What is the number of electrons in the first shell

2

What is the name of the outer shell of electrons

Valence

Define: Ions

An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

Group one elements have only one electron in the valence shell and are very reactive
(H, Li, Na, K, etc)

Alkali metals

Group two elements have 2 electrons in the valence shell (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra)

Alkaline earth metals

Group 17 elements have 7 electrons in the valence shell (Fl, Cl, Br, I, At)

Halogens (gases)

Above the line on the periodic table of elements

Acids, non-metals (liquids or gases)

Below the line on the periodic table of elements

Bases, Metals

Define: Isotope

An element with a different number of protons than neutrons

Group 18 elements. Very stable and non reactive
(He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)

Noble Gases

A substance that consists of a Metal + Nonmetal

Salt

A substance that consists of a Nonmetal + Nonmetal

Non-salt

A non-salt substance with no carbon atoms

Inorganic non-salt

A non-salt substance with carbon atoms

Organic non-salt

Define: Mixture

consists of separate elements or compounds that are mixed together but are not chemically bonded (solutions and slurries)

define: Ionic bonds

The "transfer" of electrons between a metal and non-metal

define: Covalent bonds

The "sharing" of electrons between a non-metal and a non-metal

Characteristics of Salts
Bonds?
Polar or non polar?
State of matter?
Flammable?

Ionic bond
Polar solvant
solid
not flammable

Define: miscible

Completely mixes in water

Characteristics of Non-salts
Bonds?
Polar or non polar?
State of matter?
Flammable?

Covalent bond
Non-polar
liquid or gas
Flammable

Define: polar

Mixes well with water

Define: Non-polar

Does not mix well with water

How many electrons in the first valence shell

two

Describe the Octet rule

After the first valence shell of two electrons, all remaining valance shell want eight electrons

1 atmosphere equals

14.7 psi
101 kPa
760 mmHg

Define: vapor pressure

How bad does a liquid want to become a gas." The closer the VP is to 760 mmHg the faster the liquid will evaporate and more the liquid wants to be a gas.

What is the molecular weight of "Air

29

A volatile liquid has a vapor pressure

greater than 100 mmhg

A non-volatile liquid has a vapor pressure

less than 100 mmhg

What is the vapor density of "Air

1

Define: specific gravity SpGr

The weight of a substance (liquid or solid) in relation to water.

What is the specific gravity SpGr of water?

1

A substance with a flash point less than 100 degrees F is considered

Flammable

A substance with a flash point greater than 100 degrees F is considered

Combustible

Define: Flash point FlP

Temperature at which a particular material gives off sufficient vapors to ignite in air, needs a spark

Define: ignition temperature

Temperature at which a particular material produces enough vapor and will burn without a spark

A liquid with a flash point less than 141 degrees F

Flammable liquid

A liquid with a flash point greater than 141 degrees F

Combustible liquid

Define: Freezing Point

The temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid

Define: Melting Point

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

Define: Vapor density

Vapor density is the density of a vapor or gas in relation to "Air" <1 Rises >1 sinks

Corrosivity: Acid on the ph scale

0

Corrosivity: Base on the ph scale

14

Corrosivity: neutral on the ph scale

7

Define: Boiling point BP

The temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas

This is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule

Ionization potential IP

In regards to ionization potential, what is the meaning of #ev

Electron volts greater than 10.6 ev use PID
less than 10.6 ev use FID

In regards to specific gravity water equals what?

1
greater than 1 sinks, less than 1 floats on water

What is the most protective guide number in the ERG

111

Define: PEL permissible exposure limit

Per OSHA, the amount in PPM a worker may be exposed to a chemical, 8 hours 5 days a week

Define: C Ceiling max limit

The maximum single exposure over 15 minutes

Define: IDLH

Immediately dangerous to life and health based on a 30 minute exposure.

Define: Solubility

How readily a chemical wants to mix with water

1 atmosphere is how many PSI

14.7

IDLH maybe stated in

Measured in
PPM-liquid or gas
mmHg for solid
Ca carcinogen
NA "Aint none"
ND not determined

These are organic non-salts that contain carbon (hydrocarbons) have single bond, very flammable, fuels or solvents

Alkanes
Prefix+ane (methane, propane, pentane)

These are organic non-salts that contain carbon (hydrocarbons) have double bonds, toxic reactive unstable, plastics

Alkenes
Prefix+ene (ethene, propene)

These are organic non-salts that contain carbon (hydrocarbons) have triple bonds, unstable and highly flammable

Alkynes
Prefix+yne (propyne, ethyne)

These are organic non-salts that contain carbon (hydrocarbons) have resonant bonds, and are carcinogens

Aromatics
( Benzene, Toluene, Xylene )

The number of carbons in a hydrocarbon determine the state of matter

1-4 gas
5-16 liquid
>16 solid