The number of protons dictates the
Atomic number
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons dictates the
Atomic weight
What is the number of electrons in the first shell
2
What is the name of the outer shell of electrons
Valence
Define: Ions
An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
Group one elements have only one electron in the valence shell and are very reactive
(H, Li, Na, K, etc)
Alkali metals
Group two elements have 2 electrons in the valence shell (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra)
Alkaline earth metals
Group 17 elements have 7 electrons in the valence shell (Fl, Cl, Br, I, At)
Halogens (gases)
Above the line on the periodic table of elements
Acids, non-metals (liquids or gases)
Below the line on the periodic table of elements
Bases, Metals
Define: Isotope
An element with a different number of protons than neutrons
Group 18 elements. Very stable and non reactive
(He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)
Noble Gases
A substance that consists of a Metal + Nonmetal
Salt
A substance that consists of a Nonmetal + Nonmetal
Non-salt
A non-salt substance with no carbon atoms
Inorganic non-salt
A non-salt substance with carbon atoms
Organic non-salt
Define: Mixture
consists of separate elements or compounds that are mixed together but are not chemically bonded (solutions and slurries)
define: Ionic bonds
The "transfer" of electrons between a metal and non-metal
define: Covalent bonds
The "sharing" of electrons between a non-metal and a non-metal
Characteristics of Salts
Bonds?
Polar or non polar?
State of matter?
Flammable?
Ionic bond
Polar solvant
solid
not flammable
Define: miscible
Completely mixes in water
Characteristics of Non-salts
Bonds?
Polar or non polar?
State of matter?
Flammable?
Covalent bond
Non-polar
liquid or gas
Flammable
Define: polar
Mixes well with water
Define: Non-polar
Does not mix well with water
How many electrons in the first valence shell
two
Describe the Octet rule
After the first valence shell of two electrons, all remaining valance shell want eight electrons
1 atmosphere equals
14.7 psi
101 kPa
760 mmHg
Define: vapor pressure
How bad does a liquid want to become a gas." The closer the VP is to 760 mmHg the faster the liquid will evaporate and more the liquid wants to be a gas.
What is the molecular weight of "Air
29
A volatile liquid has a vapor pressure
greater than 100 mmhg
A non-volatile liquid has a vapor pressure
less than 100 mmhg
What is the vapor density of "Air
1
Define: specific gravity SpGr
The weight of a substance (liquid or solid) in relation to water.
What is the specific gravity SpGr of water?
1
A substance with a flash point less than 100 degrees F is considered
Flammable
A substance with a flash point greater than 100 degrees F is considered
Combustible
Define: Flash point FlP
Temperature at which a particular material gives off sufficient vapors to ignite in air, needs a spark
Define: ignition temperature
Temperature at which a particular material produces enough vapor and will burn without a spark
A liquid with a flash point less than 141 degrees F
Flammable liquid
A liquid with a flash point greater than 141 degrees F
Combustible liquid
Define: Freezing Point
The temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid
Define: Melting Point
The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
Define: Vapor density
Vapor density is the density of a vapor or gas in relation to "Air" <1 Rises >1 sinks
Corrosivity: Acid on the ph scale
0
Corrosivity: Base on the ph scale
14
Corrosivity: neutral on the ph scale
7
Define: Boiling point BP
The temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas
This is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule
Ionization potential IP
In regards to ionization potential, what is the meaning of #ev
Electron volts greater than 10.6 ev use PID
less than 10.6 ev use FID
In regards to specific gravity water equals what?
1
greater than 1 sinks, less than 1 floats on water
What is the most protective guide number in the ERG
111
Define: PEL permissible exposure limit
Per OSHA, the amount in PPM a worker may be exposed to a chemical, 8 hours 5 days a week
Define: C Ceiling max limit
The maximum single exposure over 15 minutes
Define: IDLH
Immediately dangerous to life and health based on a 30 minute exposure.
Define: Solubility
How readily a chemical wants to mix with water
1 atmosphere is how many PSI
14.7
IDLH maybe stated in
Measured in
PPM-liquid or gas
mmHg for solid
Ca carcinogen
NA "Aint none"
ND not determined
These are organic non-salts that contain carbon (hydrocarbons) have single bond, very flammable, fuels or solvents
Alkanes
Prefix+ane (methane, propane, pentane)
These are organic non-salts that contain carbon (hydrocarbons) have double bonds, toxic reactive unstable, plastics
Alkenes
Prefix+ene (ethene, propene)
These are organic non-salts that contain carbon (hydrocarbons) have triple bonds, unstable and highly flammable
Alkynes
Prefix+yne (propyne, ethyne)
These are organic non-salts that contain carbon (hydrocarbons) have resonant bonds, and are carcinogens
Aromatics
( Benzene, Toluene, Xylene )
The number of carbons in a hydrocarbon determine the state of matter
1-4 gas
5-16 liquid
>16 solid