Addictions Exam 1

Alcohol is:

Not included in the war on drugs.

The Harvard School of Public Health found that:

40-45% of college students binge drink.

One of the reasons the "war of drugs" has been a failure would include:

There is no simple, magical solution; that is a myth.

Drinking and driving among young drivers:

Raises the risk for a fatal single-vehicle crash to 52%.

According to this chapter, the drug problems of people of color:

All of the above

The perspective that attempts to adapt the environment to meet the individual's needs is the:

Social-cultural perspective.

The perspective that focuses on prevention, early intervention, and treatment of drug problems, is best describes as the:

Psycho-social perspective.

Alcohol use by men is involved in 25-50% of:

Intimate partner violence.

The four primary perspectives of substance abuse are:

The moral-legal, medical-health, psycho-social, socio-cultural.

The most widely held perspective used in by most social services and institutions include: (HINT: This is asking about agencies that provide services such as treatment, recovery support, etc.)

Psycho-social perspective.

One of the reasons most often cited by adolescents and adults as a reason for using drugs is:

Boredom

In 1957, Alcoholism was defined as a disease by the American Medical Association due to its having:

A known etiology, progression of symptoms, and known outcome.

Devor describes alcoholism as:

A developmental-genetic model, a group of illnesses.

Goodwin's adoption studies indicated which of the following:

Sons of alcoholic biological parents are more likely to be classified alcoholic than their peers.

The two major personality disorders most highly correlated with substance abuse are:

Borderline and narcissism.

Strack (1985) identified five major factors in adolescents using alcohol/drugs using the PEACE mnemonic which include all of the following except:

Agoraphobia

Khantzian makes the case that drug use is:

An attempt to alleviate pain through self-medication

Aspects of family life are important in terms of preventing alcohol/drug addiction and include which of the following according to the Family Model:

Appropriate boundaries.

Paul Robinson in "Beyond Drug Education" emphasized which of the following skills for adolescents in preventing drug abuse:

All of the above

Kings of boredom include all of the following except for:

Study time boredom

Methamphetamine users have all of the following characteristics except:

Chronic overeating

When the individual requires increasing doses to achieve the desired optimal effect, this is our definition of:

Tolerance

The combined effect of two or more drugs is greater than the effect of each agent added together is:

Synergism

Narcotic analgesics include:

Morphine, codeine, dilaudid

Major effects of narcotics include:

Itching, cough suppression, constriction of pupils.

The expression "going cold turkey" comes from:

The gooseflesh from withdrawal from opiates, the skin resembling a plucked turkey

CNS Depressants which are sedative hypnotics include:

Alcohol, tranquilizers, and barbiturates.

The following drugs require medical intervention, usually in a hospital setting, if a potential for severe withdrawal is indicated:

...

One of the reasons proposed for cocaine being among the most addictive of drugs today is:

...

Freebase cocaine is:

...

The behavioral definition of addiction (the 3 "Cs"-compulsion, control, consequences) developed by David Smith, M.D., is useful to counselors in the field because of the following:

It can be applied to a wide variety of disorders.

Children are more likely to develop chemical dependency later in life if:

Parents refrain from discussing their children's feelings and always make decisions for their children.

A factor that makes an individual vulnerable to alcohol/drug problems is a:

A father or mother who has an alcohol problem.

Difficulties in making accurate assessments are related to which of the commonly used defense mechanisms outlined in this chapter:

Rationalization, denial, minimization

A thorough assessment of an individual's problem with alcohol/drugs include all of the following:

All of the above

According to the text, if a client is suicidal, an extremely important question to ask is:

What would prevent you from committing suicide?

According to this chapter, counselors can better assess an individual's vulnerability to alcohol/drugs by looking at which of the following risk factors?

...

Parents do not need to catch their children "red handed" in order to determine a possible problem with alcohol/drugs. All of the following are physical signs of a problem except:

Possession of paraphernalia

The three Cs of the behavioral definition of addiction stand for:

Compulsion, Control, Consequences.

The following are facts about suicide, except:

Suicide is not preventable. Most suicide victims want to die.

In this chapter, Fields argues that in order to effectively treat the alcoholic/addict, the family system must also be in treatment. Often this is difficult because the family:

Denies their own enabling and codependent behavior.

Claudia Black (1982) identified some of the "rules" about keeping secrets in an alcoholic family system, which include:

Don't talk, don't trust, and don't feel.

In which family system described in this chapter does the family value maintaining an illusion of normalcy, despite all signs to the contrary?

Distorted

A healthy style of functional communication as described by Virginia Satir is:

Leveling

Charles Nelson (1988) identified several styles of enabling behavior including:

All of the above
-Attempting to control.
-Taking over responsibility.
-Rationalizing and accepting.
-Avoiding and shielding.

Trying to buy things in an attempt to divert the addict from drug use is an example of which enabling behavior:

Attempting to control

Enabling has been described as:

All of the above
-Overprotection an emotional prostituting.
-"Killing with kindness" a guilt-trip.
-Taking responsibility for someone's lack of responsibility.
-An unhealthy doing-for.

The stages of grieving as applied to alcohol/drug recovery in this chapter, are:

Denial, anger, bargaining, feeling, acceptance.

Some examples of bargaining used by alcoholic/addicted family members include:

All of the above
-Avoiding making decisions: "it will get better soon"
-"We should withdraw from the addict temporarily"
-"Let's just ignore the addict's behavior because it might stop"
-Sabotage counseling in order to avoid the pain of looking at their own role in the dysfunction

Examples of families in the anger stage as discussed in this chapter, experience the following, except:

Imagine the possibilities for prosperity without infighting.

Sufferers from abandonment depression experience difficulty in intimate relationships due to a limited capacity for:

All of the above
-Spontaneity.
-Empathy.
-Sensitivity.
-Sense of security.

As outlined in this chapter, shame is defined as:

The self looking in on itself and finding itself lacking.

According to Fossum and Mason's Shame: Families in Recovery, individuals from shame-based system have the features of:

All of the above
-No hope for change.
-Shame is inescapable and inevitable.
-Shame is exterior-based.
-They are bad, good, flawed or worthless.

A balanced or healthy system, as described by Fossum and Mason, has:

Hope, choice, can make amends.

According to this chapter, when shame is attached to a feeling:

The feeling is escalated

Characteristics of shameful experiences include which of the following:

Feeling helpless, powerless, with no way out

Factors that contribute to parental imbalance as outlined by Carol Kempher (1987) include:

All of the above

Boundary ambiguity in an alcoholic family is best described as:

The confusion resulting from the ways they organize around the alcoholic.

Another boundary problem defined by Haley, a family therapist, described in this chapter is:

triangulation

Minuchin (1974), a noted family therapist, identified three types of boundaries when discussing parental imbalance. Two of them are often found in alcoholic/addicted families:

Enmeshed and disengaged

Children of alcoholics grow up learning to keep secrets and follow the rules of "don't trust, don't feel and don't talk", they cope by using which of the following strategies:

Lying about their parents problems; maintaining a code of silence.
Giving up their sense of self.
Engaging in role reversal.
Maintaining an illusion of normalcy.
All of the above.

A behavioral characteristic of ACA's is:

Living in a world of denial.
All-or-none, black-or-white feelings.
Addiction to excitement.
Difficultly relaxing.
All of the above.

Tim Cermak (1984) compared growing up in an alcoholic family as analogous to:

PTSD

John Gottman, a best-selling author on marital problems, describes which of the following as "the four horsemen of the apocalypse of marriages":

Criticism
Contempt (nonverbal)
Defensiveness
Withdrawal
All of the above

Colman and Cogan's work on intimacy dysfunction describe which of following behaviors of overattachment:

Is self-sacrificing

Timmen Cermak used the following metaphor to describe codependency:

Being a lifeguard on a crowded beach, knowing you can't swim.

Disengaged Adult Children (ACAs) exhibit which of the following behaviors in interpersonal relationships, according to Cermak (1984)?

Hard driving, workaholic; defensive, fear of closeness to others.

Robert Ackerman (1978) identified which of the following behavioral characteristics of children of alcoholics:

Being unable to concentrate.
Displaying social disengagement (isolation/loner).
Exhibiting signs of physical neglect.
Become anxious with the slightest threat to their security.
All of the above

Recovery for adult children of alcoholics is directly related to which of the following factors?

The onset of the alcoholism in the family and the levels of abuse and trauma.
Feeling awareness.
Inherited family belief systems.
Feelings of powerlessness.
All of the above

Irvin D. Yalom, who work on groups is often cited, described eleven curative factors in group psychotherapy. ACAs can benefit from the following factors:

Instilling hope; sharing universality, imparting information.