What is a group of sheep called
flock
What is the adjective for a sheep
Ovine
What is the genus and species of a sheep
Ovis Aries
What is the act of parturition of a sheep
Lambing
What is the general term for a sheep
Lamb
What is a young male sheep called
Ram lamb
What is a young female sheep called
Ewe lamb
What is a mature male sheep called
Ram
What is mature female sheep called
Ewe
What is a castrated male sheep called
Wether
What state has the most sheep
Texas
What are some uses for sheep whool
Can absorb moister
Fire resistance
Shrink when wet
Can be itchy
Wool shorn at one time from all parts of the sheep
Fleece
The length of the wool fibers
Staple length
The diameter of wool fibers
Fineness
How many yards of yarn are in a hank and what does it measure
560 yards, fineness
Waves or kinks in the wool fiber
Crimp
What is the class and grades for sheep
Class: staple length, Grade: fineness
Difference between an open face and close face sheep
Open: wool does not grow around the eyes, Closed: wool does grow around the eyes
What is a farm flock
In the Midwest and west coast, usually more lambs per ewe
What is a range flock
Western states, range lands, have predators
What is the meat at finish
Finish 90-120 days weighing 120-130
Lamb vs mutton
Lamb under 1 year of age and has a break joint, Mutton over 1 year of age and has a spool joint
When is breeding season for sheep
Mainly in fall
When does a sheep reach maturity
5 months
What can higher temperatures cause in rams
Heat sterility
What is the adjective for a cow
Bovine
What is the genus and species of a cow
Bos Taurus or Bos Indicus
What is the act of parturition in cows
Calving
What is the general term for young
Calf
What is a young male cow called
Bull
What is a you female cow called
Heifer
What is a mature male cow called
Bull
What is mature female cow called
Cow
What is castrated male cow called
Steer
A group of organisms having common ancestors and certain distinguishable characteristics
Breed
Sire traits vs Dam traits
Sire: Paternal- growth, size, and muscling
Dam: Maternal- raising healthy of spring, ex: fertility, milk production, calving ease, care
Types of cattle- Bos Taurus
Developed to perform in temperature climates, from Great Britain's and Western Europe, mostly for beef or milk production
Types of cattle- Bos Indicus
Developed to perform in hot, tropical climates, primarily India and Southeast Asia, selected for draft power and beef
Originated in Scotland, black in color with a recessive red, pulled, most popular beef breed, high carcass qualityadd marbling quickly, highe fertility, milk production, highly desirable cross breeding, slightly nervous, not overly cold tolerant but not d
Angus
Originated in US, same characteristics as Angus, red in color
Red Anus
Originated in England, red body white extremities, horned, do well in open range, hardy in cold, excellent libido, high fertility, good disposition, low milk production, some udder problems, do not marble well
Hereford
Originated in the United States, same genetics as Hereford, pulled, larger frame but less muscling than Hereford, tend to have pendulous sheath
Pulled Hereford
Originated in England, red roan or white, horned or pulled, utility type, first popular breed in US but declining, easy calving, good disposition, moderate size, good cross for other breed, patchy fat deposition, light muscling, poor quality
Shorthorn
Example: Angus X Hereford, results in a calf with a black body and white face, terminal cross market, black baldy or Brockle face
Commercial Crossbred Cattle
Developed in continental Europe, mature later, heavy muscle, lower fertility, increased calving problems, less marbling, used as sire/ paternal breeding
Exotic/ Continental breeds
Originated in France, creamy white in color, horned or pulled, one of the first exotic breeds introduced in the United States, heavy muscling, rapid growth, yield, low fertility, low milk, calving difficulty
Charolais
Originated in Switzerland, yellow to red to white, predominately horned, triple purpose breed, high milk production, rapid growth rate, calving difficulties, nutrition related fertility problems
Simmental
Originated on France, golden yellow, horned or pulled, most popular exotic breed in US, Highest yield, easy calving, good as sire or dam, slow average Dailey gain, nervous, small scrotal circumference
Limousin
Originated in Austria and west Germany, yellow to golden red, horned or pulled, rapid growth, good carcass characteristics, good maternal traits, genes compliment other breed, calving difficulty, thick front end
Gelbvieh
Brahman and Brahman crosses, desirable characteristics: heat tolerant, parasite tolerant, crosses with British and exotic breeds produce high heterosis, Undesirable: nervous, tough meat, pendulous sheath, not adaptable to cold
Bos Indicus
Originated in India and Southeast Asia, white gray, horned, droopy ears, loose skin, deep sheath, several breed variants, easy calving, good dam, highest butterfat corn=tent of any breed, low fertility, slow growth, light muscling
Brahman
Originated in the United States ( King Ranch in Texas), red, horned or pulled, 5/8 shorthorn and 3/8 Brahman, first breed developed inUS, Nicknamed Gerts, rapid growth, good milk production, work well as sire or dam breed, low fertility, lack if muscle
Santa Gertrudis
Originated in the US, black, polled, 5/8 angus, 3/8 Brahman, good milk production, high fertility, primarily and dam breed
Brangus
What state base the most cattle
Texas
What rank is Alabama for the cattle
15
Operations where animals are bred and raised for slaughter
Commercial
Operator raises calf from birth to weaning (6-10 months of age)
Cow- Calf
Weaning to 600- 850, primarily on a roughage diet
Stocker- yearling
High energy feed to finish ar=t a slaughter weight and degree of finish
Feedlot
Similar to cow- calf, but primarily sell bulls to commercial producers or other purebred producers, may sell semen for A.I. Purposes
Purebred or seedstock
What are some economically important traits
Reproductive performances, weaning weight, feed efficiency, longevity, conformation, freedom from genetic defects , carcass merit
Trait of highest economic importance, reproductive traits have low heritability, birth weight and scrotal circumstance are highly heritable
Reproductive Performance
What do you need to do to improve reproductive performance
Improve environment, select bulls on breeding soundness, use bulls with light birth weight, use bulls with large scrotal circumference
Reflects the milking and mothering ability of the cow and the preweaning growth rate of the calf
Weaning weight
Growth is from weaning to finish weight
Postwening
Is pounds of feed required for one pound of gain
FE
Is measured by quality and yield grades
Carcass merit
Measures the length of productive life
Longevity
Is the form, shape, and visual appearance of an animal
Conformation
What does EPD stand for
Expected progeny differences
What is EPD used for
Used by breed associations to monitor individual performance or offspring performance
How do you select replacement heifers
Conceive early, calve easily, give a flow of milk supply consistent with feed supply, wean heavy calves
What is heterosis
Performance of offspring is greater than the average parents
What does it mean when cattle are ruminants
Stomach has 4 compartments
In cow calf management how do producers analyze the criteria
Calf crop percentage weaned, average weight of calves at weaning, annual cow cost
What do you do to manage for optimum weaning weight
Calves that are born earlier in season are heavier, amount of forage available, use of Roth stimulants to nursing calves, creep feed calves, genetic selection for good milk production, cross breeding
Dairy cattle: Holland/ Netherlands, feminine qualities, black and white markings, most popular of all dairy breeds because they tend to produce more milk than other breeds
Holstein
How many lactation does an average friesian cow have in their life time
3.2
US/ Canada, feline qualities, red and white marking, heat tolerant, strong immune system, darker hooves
Red and White Holstein
Isle of jersey in the English Channel, some shade of fawn with or without white marking, muzzle is black encircled by a light colored ring, switch may be either black or white, second most popular breed
Jersey
Scotland, strong and robust, light to deep cherry red, mahogany, brown, or any combination of these with white, very hardy
Ayshire
Switzerland, body and switch solid brown varying light to dark, muzzle has black nose encircled by a white ring, large furry ears, milk has longer-chain fatty acids and smaller fat globules which means the cream rises much more slowly and ideal for cheese
Brown Swiss
Isle of guernsey in the English Channel of the cost of France, shade of fawn and white markings, also known as the royal breed because of there golden hue in their milk which has rich flavor
Guernsey
Northern eastern England, red or white or any combination but not black, known for having the shortest calving interval of any breed- 12.8 months
Milking shorthorn
Is an evaluation process for longevity
Dairy Judging
How many years does it take for a cow to produce enough milk to cover the cost of raising her to this point of her life
1.75
When was the Purebred Dairy Cattle Association (PDCA)
1943