Animals, Plants and Classification

organism

a living thing

unicellular

made of one cell

multicellular

made of many cells

autotroph

an organism that "feeds" itself using energy from sunlight (producer)

heterotroph

an organism that eats other living things for food (consumer)

eukaryote

a cell that has a nucleus

prokaryote

a cell that does not have a nucleus

reproduction

the process of creating a new living thing

asexual reproduction

a type of reproduction that involves only one parent

sexual reproduction

a type of reproduction that involves two parents

grow

to increase in size

develop

to become more complex

die

to stop living

DNA

instructions for the cell

classification

the process of grouping things based on similar characteristics

kingdom

the largest level of classification

phylum

the second level of classification

class

the third level of classification

order

the fourth level of classification

family

the fifth level of classification

genus

the sixth level of classification

species

the smallest level of classification

genus and species

the two levels of classification that make up a scientific name

bilateral symmetry

only one line can divide an organism into 2 equal halves

radial symmetry

many lines can divide an organism into 2 equal halves

invertebrate

an animal without a backbone

vertebrate

an animal with a backbone

cnidaria

Which Phylum????
- invertebrates
- can sting
- radial symmetry
- ex: jellyfish and coral

chordata

Which Phylum????
- vertebrates
- bilateral symmetry
- ex: mammals, fish, reptiles, birds, amphibians

echinodermata

Which Phylum????
- invertebrates
- spiky skin
- radial symmetry
- ex: sand dollar, sea urchin, starfish

annelida

Which Phylum????
- invertebrates
- segmented worms
- bilateral symmetry
- ex: earthworm, leech, sea worm

arthropoda

Which Phylum????
- invertebrates
- segmented bodies with exoskeletons
- bilateral symmetry
- ex: insect, spider, crab, lobster

mollusca

Which Phylum????
- invertebrates
- muscular bodies, some have shells
- bilateral symmetry
- ex: snail, clam, slug, octopus, squid

porifera

Which Phylum????
- invertebrates
- bodies have pores (small holes)
- no symmetry
- ex: sponges

seed

a structure that contains a baby plant inside a protective covering

germination

the process where a seed grows into a plant

embryo

a baby plant (before it is born)

cotyledon

stored food for the baby plant

seed coat

the outer cover that protects the seed

disperse

to spread out or scatter

leaves

the part of the plant where photosynthesis takes place

stomata

small holes in the bottom of a leaf where carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits

photosynthesis

the process where plants make sugar from water, carbon dioxide and sunlight

reactant

an ingredient

water, carbon dioxide and sunlight

reactants of photosynthesis

product

something that is made

glucose and oxygen

products of photosynthesis

stem

the part of the plant that has veins to transport food and water around the plant

xylem

a type of plant vein that carries water

phloem

a type of plant vein that carries sugar

up

the direction that water moves through the plant vein

down

the direction that sugar moves through the plant vein

hypocotyl

the lower stem (below the cotyledons)

epicotyl

the upper stem (above the cotyledons)

root

the part of the plant that absorbs water for the plant, holds the plant in the ground, and stores excess food for the plant

Food Chain

A chart that shows how energy is passed from organism to organism, starting with producers, then consumers, and finally decomposers.

radicle

the young root

flower

the part of the plant that produces seed and attracts pollinators for reproduction

pistil

the female part of a flower (contains the egg)

stamen

the male part of flower (contains pollen)

pollination

the process where pollen is moved from the male to the female part of a plant

pollinator

an object or organism that helps move pollen from one flower to another (ex: insects, birds, mammals, wind)

fertilization

the process where the sperm and egg cell join together

chloroplast

a structure inside a plant cell where photosynthesis takes place

cell wall

the outer covering of a plant cell that is used for protection and support

vacuole

a large storage area inside a that stores water, food and waste (much larger in plant cells than animal cells)

lysosome

a structure inside an animal cell that removes waste (NOT found in plant cells)