Final Bio Vocab

synapse

structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron

action potential

the change in electrical potential (negative to positive) when a signal is passed

cladogram

phylogenetic

phylogenetic

study with genetic sequence

binomial nomenclature

two terms are used to denote a species of living organism- genus and species

four major geological eras

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geologic time scale

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microevolution

evolutionary change within a species or small group of organisms

macroevolution

major evolutionary change over long periods of time

restriction enzymes

enzymes that cut a DNA molecule at a particular place (recombinant dna)

sticky ends

an end of a DNA double helix at which a few unpaired nucleotides of one strand extend

lytic cycle

the viral DNA exists as a separate molecule within the bacterial cell, and replicates separately from the host bacterial DNA

lysogenic cycle

integration of the bacteriophage nucleic acid into the host bacterium's genome

anticodon

a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA

histone

group of basic proteins found in chromatin

nondisjunction

failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally

metastasis

development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer

polygenic

multiple alleles influence

gene

stretch of DNA that determines a certain trait

allele

a gene has multiple alleles (variations) for ex. eye colors

pleiotropy

one gene affects multiple characteristics ex. sickle cell

allopatric speciation

geographic isolation

sympatric speciation

habitat differentiation, sexual selection, polyploidy, etc.

genetic drift

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gene flow

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