synapse
structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron
action potential
the change in electrical potential (negative to positive) when a signal is passed
cladogram
phylogenetic
phylogenetic
study with genetic sequence
binomial nomenclature
two terms are used to denote a species of living organism- genus and species
four major geological eras
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geologic time scale
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microevolution
evolutionary change within a species or small group of organisms
macroevolution
major evolutionary change over long periods of time
restriction enzymes
enzymes that cut a DNA molecule at a particular place (recombinant dna)
sticky ends
an end of a DNA double helix at which a few unpaired nucleotides of one strand extend
lytic cycle
the viral DNA exists as a separate molecule within the bacterial cell, and replicates separately from the host bacterial DNA
lysogenic cycle
integration of the bacteriophage nucleic acid into the host bacterium's genome
anticodon
a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA
histone
group of basic proteins found in chromatin
nondisjunction
failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally
metastasis
development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer
polygenic
multiple alleles influence
gene
stretch of DNA that determines a certain trait
allele
a gene has multiple alleles (variations) for ex. eye colors
pleiotropy
one gene affects multiple characteristics ex. sickle cell
allopatric speciation
geographic isolation
sympatric speciation
habitat differentiation, sexual selection, polyploidy, etc.
genetic drift
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gene flow
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