Carolus Linnaeus
developed a standardized taxonomic system
binomial nomenclature
System of scientifically naming organisms - consists of the genus and species name
Common name
Name given to an organism by the people in an area
Taxonomy
Systematic process of classifying organisms into different groups based on their physical traits and genetic relationships
Sexual reproduction
Reproductive process involving two parents whose genetic material is combined to produce a new organism different from themselves
Asexual reproduction
A method of reproduction that requires only one parent and produces offspring identical to the parent
Heterotroph
An organism that must consume other oganismsfor energy
Autotroph
An organism that obtains its energy from an abiotic source such as sunlight or inorganic chemicals (produces its own food)
Chemotroph
An organism that can produce its own nourishment through the process of oxidizing inorganic compounds
dichotomous key
A key used to identify a plant or animal in which each stage presents descriptions of two distinguishing characters, with a direction to another stage in the key, until the species is identified.
phylogenetic tree
diagram showing evolutionary relationships of organisms with a common ancestor
Cladogram
A branching diagram representing a hypothesis about the evolutionary descent of organisms from a common ancestor
Cladistics
A classification based on shared characteristics between groups of organisms and their common ancestor
Three domains in taxonomy
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota
Phylogeny
The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms
Fungi
A kingdom made up of nongreen, eukaryotic organisms that have no means of movement, reproduce by using spores, and get food by breaking down substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients
Protist
Kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi
Plantae
A kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that are usually green, have cell walls made of cellulose, cannot move around, and use the sun's energy to make sugar by photosynthesis.
Animalia
the classification kingdom containing complex, multicellular organisms that lack cell walls, are usually able to move around, and possess specialized sense organs that help them quickly respond to their environment
Archaebacteria
Kingdom that contains a group of microorganisms that typically live in extremely harsh environments.
Bacteria
Kingdom that contains a large group of unicellular microorganisms lacking organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease.