stain occurs on external surface
Extrinsic
stain occurs w/in tooth (can't be removed)
Intrinsic
stain is from outside source
Exogenous
stain from internal source (always intrinsic stains)
Endogenous
Associated with bacterial plaque/biofilm, common to all ages but more common in poor hygiene or missed toothbrushing areas, usually from food pigment (Extrinsic Stain)
Yellow stain
Looks yellowish to dark green, Chromogenic due to poor oral care. Don't scale, just polish. Most often seen in children with enamel irregularities. Embedded in the biofilm
Green stain
1. along a small curved line following the facial of the gingival crest, 2. smeared irregularly over facial surface, 3. streaked following grooves or lines in the enamel
Green stain is most commonly found where?
chromogenic bacteria, fungi, decomposed blood, minerals (Extrinsic Stain)
Green stain is made up of?
Any age, mostly children (Extrinsic Stain)
Green stain occurs mostly in which demographic?
Along the gingival 1/3 near the gingival margin. Can be on primary or permanent teeth
Where is Black Line Stain Found?
Continuous fine line 1mm wide mostly on Facial or lingual surfaces. Mostly Lingual & Proximal of mx posterior teeth
What does black line stain look like?
Can be anyone but mostly females w/good oral hygiene
Who gets Black Line Stain?
Ranges from light brown to dark leathery brown or black
What does Tobacco Stain look like?
Stannous Fluoride, Food (coffee, tea, soy sauce), Anti-Biofilm agents (Chlorhexidine mouth rinses...), Betel Leaf (Extrinsic Stain)
Other Brown Stain can be caused by?
From Chromogenic bacteria (Extrinsic Stain)
Orange & Red Stains are from?
Metals or metallic salts from metal containing dust of industry (copper or brass)
Metallic Stains are caused by?
Poor oral hygiene, gingival hemorrage, & chromogenic bacteria
What causes Green stain?
Dont scale, instead have the patient brush teeth while doing patient education & implement a daily flouride regimen.
What should you do when you encounter green stain as a hygienist?
Calculus like stain (black or dark brown) along the gingival 1/3 near the gingival margin
Black Line Stain looks like?
Narrow band or wide & firm on cervical 1/3. Most frequently found on the lingual surfaces
Tabacco Stain is found where on the tooth?
Found at the cervical 1/3. Most frequently on anteriors. Rare.
Where are orange and red stains found?
Endogenous intrinsic stain
A pulpless tooth is an example of what kind of stain?
Grayish brown
A tetracycline stain looks like what?
Opalescent dentic - Abnormal dentin may cause teeth to appear translucent or opalescent and vary in color from gray to bluish-brown
What is Dentinogensis Imperfecta?
Possibly high fever udring enamel formation" endocrine and other metabolic causes (teeth may erupt with white spots)
What is enamel hypoplasia?
White spotted to brown pitted enamel, excessive flouride ingestion during enamel development
What is dental fluorosis?
Enamel is partially or completely missing - Teeth are yellowish -brown or gray-brown
What is ameliogenisis imperfecta?
Can take on a gray to black discoloration around the restoration
What color does a silver amalgam take when it becomes a stain?
Bluish Green
Copper amalgam is what color as an intrinsic stain?
carious lesion
What would cause a stain in dentin?