A spot or area on a tooth contrasting with the rest of the tooth color
What is a dental stain or discoloration?
direct adherence to the tooth surface, stain contained within calculus and soft deposits, stain incorporated within the tooth surface structure or restorative materials
How do stains occur?
Exogenous - can be extrinsic or intrinsic
These develop from sources outside the tooth
Extrinsic or intrinsic
Identification by Location of a stain?
Exogenous or Endogenous
Identification by Source of a stain?
Endogenous
These stains develop from within the tooth (ie tetracycline stain or developmental)
medical & dental history, developmental defects, tobacco use, food journal, oral hygiene habits
Best way to decipher and recognize stain is?
toothbrushing, polishing or scaling
Stains that occur directly on the tooth may be removed by?
yellow, green, black-line, tobacco, orange, red, metallic
Types of extrinsic stains:
bacterial plaque biofilm
Yellow stain is ___?
occurs in all ages, more common in patients with poor oral hygiene,
Who gets yellow stain?
at the cervical 1/3, lingual mand anteriors, areas missed in tooth brushing
Where is yellow stain most often found?
food pigments
What causes yellow stain?
chromogenic bacteria
What is green stain?
Mostly children with mixed dentition, patients with poor oral hygiene and enamel irregularities
Who gets green stain?
Embedded in the biofilm
In general, Green stain is found?
light yellowish green to very dark green
Green stain can range from ___?
as a SMALL CURVED LINE following the facial of the gingival crest, SMEARED irregularly, can even cover the entire facial surface, STREAKED - follows the grooves or lines of enamel
Where along the tooth is green stain found?
Green stain
Which type of stain do you NOT scale?
Have the patient brush their teeth while doing patient education and implement a DAILY FL2 routine
How do you handle green stain?
lack of iron
What causes black line stain?
Females & children with good oral hygiene
Who gets black line stain?
Calculus-like stain along the gingival 1/3 near the gingival margin. Can be on mixed dentition also
Where is black line stain found?
Black line stain characteristic
Continuous line 1mm wide that occurs on the facial and lingual surfaces of the tooth
cervical 1/3, linguals mostly but can be anywhere
Where is tobacco stain most often found?
Chromogenic bacteria & poor oral hygiene
Orange & Red stains are from?
Anterior teeth at the cervical 1/3
Where are are orange and red stains normally found?
within the tooth
Endogenous Intrinsic stain comes from?
Light yellowish-brown grayish
What color are pulpless teeth?
Endogenous intrinsic stain
Tetracycline is what type of stain?
intrinsic
Tobacco, green stains can become?
can become gray or black around the restoration
Silver amalgam
Typically used in primary teeth can take on bluish-green stain
Copper amalgam