CAMBRA
Caries management by risk assessment.
Caries
Tooth Decay
Infectious & communicable disease.
Caries Risk Test ( CRT)
Test for carogenic bacteria.
Cariology
The science & study of dental caries.
Carious lesions
White spots, brown spots, decay on tooth surfaces.
Cavitation
Formation of cavity or hole.
Demineralization
Loss of minerals from the tooth.
Fermentable carbohydrates
Sucrose
Fructose
Lactose
Glucose
Flouride
Mineral used in dental products to make teeth more resistant to decay.
Incipient caries
Tooth decay that is beginning to form or become apparent.
Lactobacilli
Bacteria that produce lactic acid from carbohydrates.
Mutans streptococci
Type of bacteria primarily responsible for caries.
What two type of bacteria is responsible dental caries???
Lactobacilli (LB)
Mutans streptococci (MS)
Lactobacilli
High sugar intake
Mutans streptococci
Major pathogenic (disease producing) bacteria found in dental plaque.
Carious lesions can occur in four general areas of the tooth.
1. Pit & fissure caries
2. Smooth surface caries
3. Root surface caries
4. Secondary (recurrent) caries
Pit & fissure caries
On occlusal surfaces, on buccal & lingual grooves of posterior teeth, & on lingual pits of the maxillary incisors.
Pellicle
Micro-colonies of bacteria embodied in an adhesive substance.
Thin film coating of salivary.
Plaque
Soft deposit of teeth that consists of bacteria & bacterial by-products.
Rampant caries
Develops rapidly & is widespread throughout the mouth.
Remineralization
Replacement of minerals in the tooth.
Saliva rate flow test
Determines flow rate of saliva in millimeters per minute.
Xerostomia
Dryness of the mouth.
Xylitol
Ingredient in chewing gum that has an antibacterial effect against decay-causing bacteria.
_____ is the most highly mineralized tissue in the body.
Enamel
What is the mineral in the enamel that makes the crystal easier to dissolve???
Carbonated apatite
What are the three factors for caries to develop???
1. A susceptible tooth
2. a rich diet in fermentable carbohydrates
3. Specific bacteria
Smooth surface caries
On enamel surfaces, including mesial, distal, facial, & lingual surfaces.
Root surface caries
On any surface of the exposed root.
Secondary (recurrent) caries
Form in the small spaces & gaps.
Between the tooth.
Margins of the restoration.
Carious lesions develop in two stages:
1. Incipient caries
2. Cavitation
Early childhood caries affects ___ of preschool children.
One third
True/False
Early childhood caries is more common among children with special needs.
True
What are the risk factors for Early childhood caries???
Low-income families
Particular ethnic groups
Limited access to care
Lack of water flouridation
What is another term for Early Childhood Caries???
Baby bottle tooth decay
What three protective mechanisms are produced by saliva???
Physical protection
Chemical protection
Antibacterial protection
What can plaque cause???
The bacteria in plaque is fed by the sugar foods we eat.
The bacteria rich plaque converts sugars into acid.
The acid attacks the tooth & causes demineralization.
Baby Bottle Syndrome
Extensive dental decay caused by putting small children to bed with a bottle of milk, juice or any liquid other than water.
How dental decay occurs???
Plaque/bacteria
Carbohydrates
Tooth structure
What help prevent the process of secondary caries???
Bonding the restoration at the prepared tooth.
Dental material that slowly release flouride.
Plaque + sugar/ carbohydrates =
Acids
Acids + tooth =
Decay
Bacteria + carbohydrates/food =
Acids
Acids + susceptible tooth structure =
Decay
Caries Diagnosis
Dental Explorer
Radiographs
Visual appearance
Indicator dyes
Caries detection devices