Adhesion
The chemical attraction between unlike molecules
Cohesion
The chemical attraction between like molecules
Coefficient of thermal expansion
An index which indicates how one material reacts to temperature extremes in relation to another
Compressive Strength
The force at which a material breaks under pressure
Creep
Slow dimensional change caused by compression
Ductility
The ability to undergo change of form without breaking
Elasticity
A material's ability to recover its initial shape after undergoing a force
Galvanism
An electrical current generated by dissimilar metals in an acidic environment
Gelation
The process of gelling (solidification by cold)
Imbibition
Absorption of a solvent by gel
Malleability
A material's capacity to be shaped by force or pressure
Microleakage (percolation)
Passage of oral fluids/bacteria into and out of tooth structure due to marginal gap or failure of marginal (restorative) seal
Polymerization
The linking, branching, or cross linking of smaller molecules
Proportional limit
The force at which a material cannot return to its original shape
Syneresis
Contraction of a gel due to the loss of a solvent
Tensile Strength
The force needed to stretch a material to the point of fracture
Viscosity
Resistance to flow
Amalgam
alloy of mercury containing silver, copper, tin and zinc
Bonding Agents
establishes micro mechanical retention with enamel and dentin by adapting to relief areas created by conditioning with phosphoric acid; example: BIS-GMA
Sealants
Barrier used to protect the occlusal surfaces of teeth from bacterial assault by sealing anatomically unprotected tooth structure with resin
Composite
An esthetic restorative material composed of a bonding agent and tooth colored filler particles of various sizes; usually silicates, quartz or glass
Liners
Used to seal dentin or medicate the dental pulp; Includes Calcium hydroxide, Zinc oxide/eugenol, and resin modified glass ionomer
Bases
Used to provide thermal insulation or mechanical protection for the dental pulp; Includes all cements due to poor thermal conductors and adequate compressive strength
Cements
Used to affix a restoration to tooth structure as a base; includes zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate, and glass ionomer
Zinc phosphate Cement
exothermic reaction on mixing; mechanical interlock between tooth and casting
Polycarboxylate Cement
High chemical affinity for enamel; powder mixed with polyacrylic acid
Glass Ionomer Cement
Releases fluoride, binds to dentin, coefficient of thermal expansion approximates tooth structure, can be used as a class V restorative material
Resin Cement
Tooth colored cement to affix esthetic restorations like porcelain laminate veneers and tooth colored inlays, onlays, or crowns, ad clear orthodontic brackets; Used for luting etched metal retainers such as resin bonded bridges and prefabricated endodonti
Hybrid Cements
Resin modified glass ionomers, seals dentin effectively to minimize sensitivity, releases fluoride (glass ionomer)
Zinc-oxide/eugenol cement
used for temporary cementation, temporary aluminum shell crown, orange solvent used to clean insruments
Rigid (Inelastic) Materials
plaster, Type I Gypsum, compound, and zinc oxide/eugenol
Reversible Hydrocolloid
Aqueous (water soluble) material that undergoes a physical reaction, temperature dependent, gelation from cold, unstable, susceptible to imbibition and syneresis; Ex: Agar
Irreversible Hydrocolloid
Aqueous material that undergoes a chemical reaction, not temperature dependent but setting can be delayed by cold or accelerated by warm water; unstable, susceptible to imbibition and syneresis; Es: Alginate
Non-aqueous Materials
Polysulfide rubber, polyether rubber, silicone rubber, vinylpolysiloxane
Gypsum Products
Mineral, Calcium, Sulfate, di-hydate; heated to refine material; includes alpha and beta calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate
Inlay and Casting Wax
used for cast restorative patterns
Baseplate Wax
useful in removable prosthetic procedures
Bite registration Wax
useful to obtain occlusal records
Boxing Wax
used in pouring models
Sticky Wax
Becomes sticky when heated, used to attach models
Utility Wax
used to modify the shape of impression trays and cushion braces
Casting Alloys
Used to fabricate inalys, onlays, crowns, and bridges; can be precious or non precious alloys
Precious Alloys
contains noble metals that can resist tarnish and corrosion; includes gold, platinum and palladium
Nonprecious Alloys
contains base metals which are subject to tarnish and corrosion; may be allergenic, includes silver, copper, nickel, tin and zinc
Implants
Biocompatible titanium alloy prosthesis used to replace missing teeth; endosteal (within bone); leading cause of failure is mobility
Tartar Control Active Ingredient
Pyrophosphate
Gum Care Tooth Paste Ingredient
Triclosan (antimicrobial agent)
Desensitization Tooth Paste Ingredient
Potassium Nitrate, Sodium Citrate, Strontium Chloride
Vital Bleach Ingredient
Carbamide Peroxide or hydrogen peroxide