Ala
Winglike tip of the outer side of each nostril; plural, alae.
Angle of the mandible
the sharp angle of the lower jaw inferior to the ear's lobule
Buccal region
composed of the soft tissues of the cheek
Coronoid Notch
...
Coronoid Process
...
Articulating surface of the Condyle
...
Mandible Condyle
...
External nose
...
Frontal region
...
Golden Proportions
...set of guidelines for functional and aesthetic purposes that measures the vertical dimension of the face
Hyoid bone
...bone suspended in the anterior midline of the neck that has many muscle attachemnts
Infraorbital region
...
Labial commissure
...
Larynx
...
lymph nodes
...
madible
...
mandibular symphysis
...
masseter muscle
...
mental region
...
naris
...
Nasal region
...
nasal septum
...
Apex of the nose
...
root of the nose
...
oral region
...
orbit
...
orbital region
...
parathyroid glands
...
parotid salivary gland
...
philtrum
...
ramus
...
regions of the face
...
regions of the neck
...
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
...
Sublingual salivary gland
...
Submandibular salivary gland
...
Temporomandibular joint
...
thyroid cartilage, gland
...
tubercle of the upper lip
...
vermilion border
...
vermilion zone
...
vertical dimension of the face
...
zygomatic arch
...
zygomatic region
...
Alveolar mucosa
...
alveolar processes
...
alveous
...Socket of the tooth
alveoli
...
anterior faucial pillar
...
anterior teeth
...
buccal
...
buccal fat pad
...Pad of underlying adipose connective tissue at the posterior portion of each vestibule.
canine eminence
...
canines
...
cementum
...outermost layer of the root of a tooth
circumvallate lingual papillae
...
dental arch
...
dentin
...
Parotid ducts
...
sublingual ducts
...
submandibular ducts
...
enamel
...
facial
...
exostoses
...normal variation in bone growths noted usually on the facial surface of the alveolar process of the maxilla bone.
facial
...
fauces
...
filiform lingual papillae
...
foliate lingual papillae
...
Fordyce's spots
...
foramen cecum
...
fungiform lingual pappillae
...
incisive papilla
...
attached gingiva
...
interdental gingiva
...
marginal gingiva
...
gingival sulcus
...
incisors
...
labial frenum
...
laryngopharynx
...
linea alba
...
lingual papillae
...
lingual tonsil
...
lingual frenum
...
madible
...
mandibular teeth
...
mandbular torus, tori (plural)
...
mastication
...
maxilla
...
maxillary sinuses
...
maxillary teeth
...
maxillary tuberosity
...
median lingual sulcus
...
median palatine raphe
...
melanin pigmentation
...localized macules of pigmentation caused bo the presence of melanin.
molars
...
mucobuccal fold
...
mucogingival junction
...
mucosa, buccal, labial, oral
...
nasopharynx
...
oral cavity proper
...
oropharynx
...
palatal
...
palate, hard, soft
...
palatine tonsils
...
palatine rugae
...
parotid papilla
...
parotid salivary gland
...
periodontal ligament
...(PDL) ligament surrounding the teeth that supports and attaches the teeth to the bony surface of the alveoli.
permanent teeth
...
plica fimbriate
...
posterior teeth and faucial pillar
...
premolars
...
primary teeth
...
pterygomandibular fold
...
pulp
...Soft innermost connective tissue in both the crown and root of the tooth
retromolar pad
...
submandibular salivary glands
...
sublingual salivary glands
...
sublingual fold
...
sulcus terminalis
...
taste buds
...
tongue, apex, base, body, dorsal, lateral, ventral
...
uvula of the palate
...midline muscular structure that hangs down from the posterior margin o fthe soft palate.
vestibular fornix
...
vestibules
...
amniocentesis
..., A technique of prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus, is analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus
amniotic cavity
...fluid filled cavity that faces the epiblast layer
bilaminar embryonic disc
...Second week of prenatal development the start of the embryonic period. The bilaminar embryonic disk is eventually developed from the blastocyst. This bilaminar disc has a superior epiblast layer and an inferior hypblast layer. The superior epiblast lay
bilateral symmetry
...The primitave streak causes the disc to divide into a right and left half, so that each half mirrors the other half of the embryo.
blastocyst
...Structure during prenatal development consiting of trophoblast cells and an inner mass of cells that develop into the embryo. After initial cleavage, the solid ball of cells is known as a morula. Because of the ongoing process of mitosis and secretion
caudal end
..., tail
cephalic end
..., head
central nervous system
...later part of 3 weeks the CNS begins to develop. Many steps occur during this week to form the beginnings of the spinal cord and brain.
cleavage
...Mitosis, or individual cell division, or cleavage.
cloacal membrane
...Week 3-at the caudal end, the cloacal membrane forms. This is the location of the future anus, the terminal end of the digestive tract. Similar to the oropharyngeal membrane, the cloacal membrane consists of only two embryonci layers, without any mesod
congenital malformations
...birth defects that are developmental problems evident at birth.
cytodifferentiation
...Development of different cell types.
differentiation
...change in the embryonic cells, which are genetically identical but become quite distinct structurally and functionally.
down syndrome
...Developmental defect, also called trisomy 21, in which an extra copy of chromosome no. 21 is present.
ectoderm
...layer in the trilaminar embryonic disk derived from the epiblast layer and lining the stomodeum.
ectodermal dysplasia
...Syndrome involving abnormal development of one or more ectodermal structures, including anodontia.
ectopic pregnancy
Implantation occurring outside the uterus...
embryo
structure derived from the implated blastocyst....
embryoblast layer
small inner mass of embryonic cells int eh blastocyst....
embryology
study of prenatal development...
embryoblast layer
small inner mass of embryonic cells in the blastocyst....
embryonic cell layers, folding, period of prenatal development
...
endoderm
...With three layers presnt, the bilaminar disc has become thickened into a trilaminar embryonic dis. thus the trilaminar disc has three embryonic layers, or germ layers--hypoblast layer is now considered endoderm.
epiblast layer
Is composed of high columnar cells and located in the bilamminar disc toward the amniotic cavity
fertilization
At the beginning of the first week, a woman's ovum is penetrated by and united with a man's sperm during fertilization. This union subsequently forms a fertilized egg, or zygote....
fetal alcohol syndrome
Is an example fo the result of a teratogenic drug effect during the embryonic period. Ethanol ingested by a prgnant woman easily rosses the placenta and can result in prenatal and postnatal growth fdeficiency, mental retardation, and other anomalies. An a
fetal period of prenatal development
...Week 9 through the ninth month. Embryo to fetus. Maturation of existing structures.
fetus
...Structure of the fetal period of prenatal developemnt derived from the enlarged embryo.
foregut
...After folding of the disc, the endoderm lies inside the ectoderm, with mesoderm filling in the areas between these two layers. This forms one long, hollow tube lined by endoderm from the cephalic end to the caudal end of the embryo specifically, from t
fusion
During prenatal development, the joining of embryonic tissues of two separate surfaces, the elimination of a groove between two adjacent swellings, or a dental developmental disturbance in which two adjacent tooth germs unite to form a large tooth...
appositional growth
...Layered formation of a firm or hard tissue such as cartilage, bone, enamel, dentin, and cementum.
interstitial growth
Growth that occurs from ddep within a tissue or organ...
hindgut
Posterior portion of the future digestive tract...
histodifferentiation
development of different tissues
hypoblast layer
...
induction
process by which the action of one group of cells on another leads to the establishment of the developmental pathway in the responding tissue...
karyotype
photographic analysis of a person's chromosomes....
maturation
...attainment of the correct adult size as well as the correct adult form and function, such as that which occurs with the hard dental tissues when they are fully calcified or when the embryo becomes a fetus.
meiosis
process of reproductive cell production that ensures the correct number of chromosomes for the future embryo.
mesenchyme
embryonic connective tissue
mesoderm
embryonic layer located between the ectoderm and endoderm...
midgut
middle portion of the futref digestive tract...
mitosis
Portion of cell division that occurs in phases and results in two daughter cells that are identical...Accurs after fertilizaition
morphodifferrentiation
Development of the differing form that will create a specfic structure.
morphogenesis
Process of development of specific tissue morphology...
morphology
...Form of a structure
neural crest cells
Specialized group of cells developed from neuroectoderm that migrate from the crests of the neural folds and disperse to specific sites within the mesenchyme. They also influence a specal type of mesenchyme, the ectomesenchyme, to form dental tissues.
neural folds
Raised ridges in the neural plate that surround the deepening neural groove.
neural groove
Groove resulting from further growth and thickening of the neural plate.
neural plate
Centralized band of cells that extends the length of the embryo.
neural tube
Tube formed when the neural folds meet and fuse superior to the neural groove.
neuroectoderm
Specialized group of cells that differentiates from the ectoderm
oropharyngeal membrane
Membrane at the cephalic end of the embryo that is the location of the future primitive mouth.
ovum
Female reproductive cell or egg, which can be fertilized.
placenta
Temporary prenatal organ that provides nutrition and axygen to the develping embryo, rmoves wastes, and produces the hormones related to pregnancy.
preimplantation period of prenatal development
The first 7 days after fertilization. Period of the unattached conceptus that takes place during the first week of prenatal develpment.
prenatal development
Processesthat occur from the start of pregnancy to birth of the child.
primitive streak
Furrowed, rod-shaped thickening in the middle fo the embryonic disc.
primordium
Earliest indication of a part or an organ during prenatal development
proliferation
controlled cellular growth.
somites
Paired cupodal aggregates of cells differentiated from the mesoderm.
sperm
Cell containing the male contribution of chromosomal info that fertilizes the female ovum during the preimplatation period
syphilis spirochete
Treponema pallidum, which is an infective teratogen for an embryo because it produces defects int eh incisors and molars, as well as other generalized defects.
rubella virus
Infective teratogen transmitted by way of the placenta to the embryo from the pregnant woman.
teratogens
Enviromental agents or factors such as infections, drugs, and radiation that can cause malformations
tetracycline staining
intrinsic staining of the teeth resulting ffom ingestion of the antibiotic tetracycline during the time of enamel and dentin development
trilaminar embryonic disk
embryonic disc with 3 distinct layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
trophoblast layer
layer of peripheral cells of the blastocyst.
yolk sac
Fluid-filled cavity that faces the hypoblast layer.
zygote
The fertilized egg resulting from the union of ovum and sperm.
ankyloglossia
lingual frenum that is abnormally short, extends to the tongue apex, and possibly restricts tongue movement.
branchial arches
6 stacked bilateral swellings of tissue that appear inferior to the stomodeum and include the mandibular arch.
cleft palate
Developmental disturbance owiing to faiure of fusion of hte palatal shelves with the primary palate or with each other.
cleft uvula
Mildest form of cleft palate
copula
Pair of posterior swellings formed from the third and fourth branchial arches, which overgrow the second arches to form the base of the tongue.
epiglottic swelling
posterior swelling that develops from the 4th branchial arches and marks the development of the future epiglottis.
foramen cecum
Small pitlike depression located where the sulcus terminalis points backward toward the pharynx.
intermaxillary segment
Fused internal and inferior growth from the paired medial nasal processes on the inside of the stomodeum of the embryo.
lateral lingual swellings
Portions of the developing tongue that form on each side of the tuberculum impar.
palatal shelves
two processes derived from the maxillary processes during prenatal development
primary palate
Anterior portion o fhte final palate derived from the intermaxillary segment during prenatal development
secondary palate
Posterior portion of the final palate formed by the fusion of the two palatal shelves.
sulcus terminalis
V-shaped groove located posteriorly on the dorsal surface of the tongue.
tuberculum impar
Primitive tongue (initial portions fo the developing tongue.
Accessory roots
Extra root or roots on a tooth.
active eruption
actual vertical movement of the tooth.
alveolar bone
portion of the maxilla or mandible that supports the teeth.
ameloblasts
cells that differentiate from preameloblasts and that will form enamel during amelogenesis.
amelogenesis imperfecta
Hereditary type of enamel dysplasia in which the teeth have absent or thin enamel.
anodontia
Absence of a single tooth or multiple teeth owing to lack of initiation.
apposition
layered formation of a firm or hard tissue such as cartilage, bone, ename., dentin , and cementum.
basement membrane
extracellular material consisting of a basal and reticular lamina produced by the epthelium and connective tissue, respectively.
bell stage
4th stage of odontogenesis, in which differentiation occurs to its ruthest extent and the enamel organ assumes a bell shape.
bud stage
2nd stage of tooth development with the growth of the dental lamina or buds into the ectomesenchyme.
cap stage
3rd stage of tooth development, inwhich the tooth bud of dental lamina grows into a cap shape.
cells of the dental papilla: inner, central, outer
inner mass of ectomesenchyme of the tooth germ that produces the dentin and pulp tissue.
cementoblasts
cells that form cementoid and are differentiated from the dental sac.
cementocytes
cementoblasts entrapped by the cementum they produce.
cementogenesis
apposition of cementum in the rooth area.
cementoid
cementum matrix laid down by cementoblasts
cervical loop
Most cervical portion of the enamel organ that is responsible for root develpment.
concrescence
Union of the root structure of two or more teeth through the cementum only
dens in dente
Developmental disturbance caused by invagination of enamel organ into dental papilla
dental lamina
Growth from the oral epithelium that gives rise to the tooth buds.
dental papilla
Inner mass of ectomesenchyme of the tooth germ that produces the dentin and pulp tissue.
dental sac
Portion of the tooth germ consisting of ectomesenchyme surrounding the outside of the enamel organ, which produces the periodontium of a tooth.
dentigerous cyst
Odontogenic cyst that forms from the reduced enamel epithelium.
dentin dysplasia
faulty development of dentin
dentinal tubule
long tubes in the dentin
dentinocemental junction
junction between the dentin and cementum during the formation of the root of the tooth
dentinoenamel junction
DEJ junction between the dentin and enamel formed by the mineralization of the disintegrating basemenbt membrane
dentinogenesis imperfecta
apposition of predentin by the odontoblasts.**Hereditary disorder of dentin formation; opalescent dentin. Enamel is structurally normal but fractures easily due to poor dentinal support
dentition
natural teeth in the jawbones, consisting of primary and permanent.
permanent dentition
the second dentition
dentition periods
3 periods that occur throughout a lifetime, primary, mixed, and permanent dentition periods
primary dentition
1st dentition of teeth present, also called the deciduous period.
mixed dentition
dentition period that occurs between 6 and 12 years of age and has both primary and permanet teeth present.
differentiation
change in the embryonic cells which are genetically identical but become quite distinct structurally and functionally
dilaceration
crown or roots showing angular distortion
ectoderm
layer int eh trilaminar embryonic disc derived rom the epiblast layer and lining the stomodeum.
ectodermal dysplasia
syndrome invoving abnormal development of one or more ectodermal structures, including anodontia.
ectomesenchyme
a type of mesenchyme from the ectoderm, which is influenced by neural crest cells that have migrated to the area.
Inner enamel epithelium (IEE)
innermost cells of the enamel organ which form ameloblasts.
outer enamel epithelium (OEE)
Outer cells of the enamel organ that serve as a protective barrier during enamel production.
enamel organ
Cap or bell shaped portion of the tooth germ that produces enamel.
enamel dysplasia
faulty development of enamel resulting from many factors.
enamel pearls
small spherical enamel projections on the tooth surface
epithelial rests of Malassez
groups fo epithelial cells in the periodontal ligament after the disintegration of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath that can become cystic.
gemination
develpmental disturbance that occurs because the single toothgerm tries unsuccessfully to divide, resulting in a large single-rooted tooth.
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath
Portion of the cervical loop that functions to shape the roots and induce dentin formation in the root areas.
initiation stage
first stages of development
macrodontia
abnormally large teeth.
matrix
substance in connective tissue composed of intercellular substance and fibers or extracellular substance that is partially calcified and serves as a framework for later calcification.
microdontia
abnormally small teeth
Nasmyth's membrane
residue on newly erupted teeth that may become extrinsically staned
Nonsuccedaneous
permanent teeth without primary predecessors, namely the molars.
Odontoclasts
cells that produce dentin and differentiate from the outer cells of the dental papilla
odontoblasts
cells that produce dentin and differentiate from the outer cells fo the dental papilla.
odontoblastic process
attaced cellular extension of the odontoblast within the dentinal tublue through the entire wiedth of the dentin.
odontogenesis
tooth development
oral epithelium
embryonic lining of the oral cavity derived from ectoderm, which along with underlying tissues gives rise to teh teeth and associated tissues.
periodontal ligament
PDL ligamenht surrounding the teeth that supports and attaches the teeth to the bony surface of the alveoli.
preameloblasts
cells formed from the inner enamel epithelium of the enamel organ that differentiate into ameloblasts.
predentin
dentinmatrix laid down by apposition by the odontoblasts.
reduced enamel epithelium
layers of flattened cells overlying the enamel surface resulting from a compression of teh enamel organ.
repolarization
Process that occurs in a cell in which the nucleus moves away from the center to a position farthest away from the basement membrane.
resorption
removal of a hard tissue such as bone, enamel, dentin, or cementum.
root trunk
portion of the root of multirooted teeth where the root originates from the crown..
stellate reticulum
One of the two layers between teh outer and inner enamel epithelium of the enamel organ; consists of star-shaped cells.
stratum intermedium
one of the two layers between teh outer and inner enamel epithelium of the enamel organ, consisting of a compressed layer of lat to cuboidal cells....
succedaneous
Permanent teeth with primary predecessors; include the anterior teeth and premolars
successional dental lamina
Extension of the dental lamina into the ectomesenchyme lingual to the developing primary tooth germs that will form the succedaneous permanent teeth.
supernumerary teeth
.developmental disturbance characterized by one or more extra teeth.
Tome's process
secretory surface of each ameloblast
tooth fairy
mythological reature who at night takes children's shed primary teeth from under their pillows and leaves a sum of cash...
tooth germ
primordium of the tooth, which consists of the enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac.
tubercles
accessory cusps on teh cingulum of certain anterior teeth or occulusa tables of permanent molars...
implantation
Embedding of a blastocyst in the endometrium
induction
process by which the action of one group of cells on another leads to the establishment of the developmental pathway in the responding tissue.
spina bifida
Neural tube defect affecting the bertebral arches and causing varying degrees of diability
Cleft lip
Developmental disturbance of the upper lip owing to failure of fusion of the maxillary processes with the medial nasal process.
amelogenesis
apposition of enamel matrix by amelolasts
passive eruption
eruption that takes place that occurs as we age, when the gingiva recedes and no actual tooth movement takes place.
epithelium
basic tissue type that covers and lines the external and internal body surfaces:
Ala
Winglike tip of the outer side of each nostril; plural, alae.
Angle of the mandible
the sharp angle of the lower jaw inferior to the ear's lobule
Buccal region
composed of the soft tissues of the cheek
Coronoid Notch
...
Coronoid Process
...
Articulating surface of the Condyle
...
Mandible Condyle
...
External nose
...
Frontal region
...
Golden Proportions
...set of guidelines for functional and aesthetic purposes that measures the vertical dimension of the face
Hyoid bone
...bone suspended in the anterior midline of the neck that has many muscle attachemnts
Infraorbital region
...
Labial commissure
...
Larynx
...
lymph nodes
...
madible
...
mandibular symphysis
...
masseter muscle
...
mental region
...
naris
...
Nasal region
...
nasal septum
...
Apex of the nose
...
root of the nose
...
oral region
...
orbit
...
orbital region
...
parathyroid glands
...
parotid salivary gland
...
philtrum
...
ramus
...
regions of the face
...
regions of the neck
...
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
...
Sublingual salivary gland
...
Submandibular salivary gland
...
Temporomandibular joint
...
thyroid cartilage, gland
...
tubercle of the upper lip
...
vermilion border
...
vermilion zone
...
vertical dimension of the face
...
zygomatic arch
...
zygomatic region
...
Alveolar mucosa
...
alveolar processes
...
alveous
...Socket of the tooth
alveoli
...
anterior faucial pillar
...
anterior teeth
...
buccal
...
buccal fat pad
...Pad of underlying adipose connective tissue at the posterior portion of each vestibule.
canine eminence
...
canines
...
cementum
...outermost layer of the root of a tooth
circumvallate lingual papillae
...
dental arch
...
dentin
...
Parotid ducts
...
sublingual ducts
...
submandibular ducts
...
enamel
...
facial
...
exostoses
...normal variation in bone growths noted usually on the facial surface of the alveolar process of the maxilla bone.
facial
...
fauces
...
filiform lingual papillae
...
foliate lingual papillae
...
Fordyce's spots
...
foramen cecum
...
fungiform lingual pappillae
...
incisive papilla
...
attached gingiva
...
interdental gingiva
...
marginal gingiva
...
gingival sulcus
...
incisors
...
labial frenum
...
laryngopharynx
...
linea alba
...
lingual papillae
...
lingual tonsil
...
lingual frenum
...
madible
...
mandibular teeth
...
mandbular torus, tori (plural)
...
mastication
...
maxilla
...
maxillary sinuses
...
maxillary teeth
...
maxillary tuberosity
...
median lingual sulcus
...
median palatine raphe
...
melanin pigmentation
...localized macules of pigmentation caused bo the presence of melanin.
molars
...
mucobuccal fold
...
mucogingival junction
...
mucosa, buccal, labial, oral
...
nasopharynx
...
oral cavity proper
...
oropharynx
...
palatal
...
palate, hard, soft
...
palatine tonsils
...
palatine rugae
...
parotid papilla
...
parotid salivary gland
...
periodontal ligament
...(PDL) ligament surrounding the teeth that supports and attaches the teeth to the bony surface of the alveoli.
permanent teeth
...
plica fimbriate
...
posterior teeth and faucial pillar
...
premolars
...
primary teeth
...
pterygomandibular fold
...
pulp
...Soft innermost connective tissue in both the crown and root of the tooth
retromolar pad
...
submandibular salivary glands
...
sublingual salivary glands
...
sublingual fold
...
sulcus terminalis
...
taste buds
...
tongue, apex, base, body, dorsal, lateral, ventral
...
uvula of the palate
...midline muscular structure that hangs down from the posterior margin o fthe soft palate.
vestibular fornix
...
vestibules
...
amniocentesis
..., A technique of prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus, is analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus
amniotic cavity
...fluid filled cavity that faces the epiblast layer
bilaminar embryonic disc
...Second week of prenatal development the start of the embryonic period. The bilaminar embryonic disk is eventually developed from the blastocyst. This bilaminar disc has a superior epiblast layer and an inferior hypblast layer. The superior epiblast lay
bilateral symmetry
...The primitave streak causes the disc to divide into a right and left half, so that each half mirrors the other half of the embryo.
blastocyst
...Structure during prenatal development consiting of trophoblast cells and an inner mass of cells that develop into the embryo. After initial cleavage, the solid ball of cells is known as a morula. Because of the ongoing process of mitosis and secretion
caudal end
..., tail
cephalic end
..., head
central nervous system
...later part of 3 weeks the CNS begins to develop. Many steps occur during this week to form the beginnings of the spinal cord and brain.
cleavage
...Mitosis, or individual cell division, or cleavage.
cloacal membrane
...Week 3-at the caudal end, the cloacal membrane forms. This is the location of the future anus, the terminal end of the digestive tract. Similar to the oropharyngeal membrane, the cloacal membrane consists of only two embryonci layers, without any mesod
congenital malformations
...birth defects that are developmental problems evident at birth.
cytodifferentiation
...Development of different cell types.
differentiation
...change in the embryonic cells, which are genetically identical but become quite distinct structurally and functionally.
down syndrome
...Developmental defect, also called trisomy 21, in which an extra copy of chromosome no. 21 is present.
ectoderm
...layer in the trilaminar embryonic disk derived from the epiblast layer and lining the stomodeum.
ectodermal dysplasia
...Syndrome involving abnormal development of one or more ectodermal structures, including anodontia.
ectopic pregnancy
Implantation occurring outside the uterus...
embryo
structure derived from the implated blastocyst....
embryoblast layer
small inner mass of embryonic cells int eh blastocyst....
embryology
study of prenatal development...
embryoblast layer
small inner mass of embryonic cells in the blastocyst....
embryonic cell layers, folding, period of prenatal development
...
endoderm
...With three layers presnt, the bilaminar disc has become thickened into a trilaminar embryonic dis. thus the trilaminar disc has three embryonic layers, or germ layers--hypoblast layer is now considered endoderm.
epiblast layer
Is composed of high columnar cells and located in the bilamminar disc toward the amniotic cavity
fertilization
At the beginning of the first week, a woman's ovum is penetrated by and united with a man's sperm during fertilization. This union subsequently forms a fertilized egg, or zygote....
fetal alcohol syndrome
Is an example fo the result of a teratogenic drug effect during the embryonic period. Ethanol ingested by a prgnant woman easily rosses the placenta and can result in prenatal and postnatal growth fdeficiency, mental retardation, and other anomalies. An a
fetal period of prenatal development
...Week 9 through the ninth month. Embryo to fetus. Maturation of existing structures.
fetus
...Structure of the fetal period of prenatal developemnt derived from the enlarged embryo.
foregut
...After folding of the disc, the endoderm lies inside the ectoderm, with mesoderm filling in the areas between these two layers. This forms one long, hollow tube lined by endoderm from the cephalic end to the caudal end of the embryo specifically, from t
fusion
During prenatal development, the joining of embryonic tissues of two separate surfaces, the elimination of a groove between two adjacent swellings, or a dental developmental disturbance in which two adjacent tooth germs unite to form a large tooth...
appositional growth
...Layered formation of a firm or hard tissue such as cartilage, bone, enamel, dentin, and cementum.
interstitial growth
Growth that occurs from ddep within a tissue or organ...
hindgut
Posterior portion of the future digestive tract...
histodifferentiation
development of different tissues
hypoblast layer
...
induction
process by which the action of one group of cells on another leads to the establishment of the developmental pathway in the responding tissue...
karyotype
photographic analysis of a person's chromosomes....
maturation
...attainment of the correct adult size as well as the correct adult form and function, such as that which occurs with the hard dental tissues when they are fully calcified or when the embryo becomes a fetus.
meiosis
process of reproductive cell production that ensures the correct number of chromosomes for the future embryo.
mesenchyme
embryonic connective tissue
mesoderm
embryonic layer located between the ectoderm and endoderm...
midgut
middle portion of the futref digestive tract...
mitosis
Portion of cell division that occurs in phases and results in two daughter cells that are identical...Accurs after fertilizaition
morphodifferrentiation
Development of the differing form that will create a specfic structure.
morphogenesis
Process of development of specific tissue morphology...
morphology
...Form of a structure
neural crest cells
Specialized group of cells developed from neuroectoderm that migrate from the crests of the neural folds and disperse to specific sites within the mesenchyme. They also influence a specal type of mesenchyme, the ectomesenchyme, to form dental tissues.
neural folds
Raised ridges in the neural plate that surround the deepening neural groove.
neural groove
Groove resulting from further growth and thickening of the neural plate.
neural plate
Centralized band of cells that extends the length of the embryo.
neural tube
Tube formed when the neural folds meet and fuse superior to the neural groove.
neuroectoderm
Specialized group of cells that differentiates from the ectoderm
oropharyngeal membrane
Membrane at the cephalic end of the embryo that is the location of the future primitive mouth.
ovum
Female reproductive cell or egg, which can be fertilized.
placenta
Temporary prenatal organ that provides nutrition and axygen to the develping embryo, rmoves wastes, and produces the hormones related to pregnancy.
preimplantation period of prenatal development
The first 7 days after fertilization. Period of the unattached conceptus that takes place during the first week of prenatal develpment.
prenatal development
Processesthat occur from the start of pregnancy to birth of the child.
primitive streak
Furrowed, rod-shaped thickening in the middle fo the embryonic disc.
primordium
Earliest indication of a part or an organ during prenatal development
proliferation
controlled cellular growth.
somites
Paired cupodal aggregates of cells differentiated from the mesoderm.
sperm
Cell containing the male contribution of chromosomal info that fertilizes the female ovum during the preimplatation period
syphilis spirochete
Treponema pallidum, which is an infective teratogen for an embryo because it produces defects int eh incisors and molars, as well as other generalized defects.
rubella virus
Infective teratogen transmitted by way of the placenta to the embryo from the pregnant woman.
teratogens
Enviromental agents or factors such as infections, drugs, and radiation that can cause malformations
tetracycline staining
intrinsic staining of the teeth resulting ffom ingestion of the antibiotic tetracycline during the time of enamel and dentin development
trilaminar embryonic disk
embryonic disc with 3 distinct layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
trophoblast layer
layer of peripheral cells of the blastocyst.
yolk sac
Fluid-filled cavity that faces the hypoblast layer.
zygote
The fertilized egg resulting from the union of ovum and sperm.
ankyloglossia
lingual frenum that is abnormally short, extends to the tongue apex, and possibly restricts tongue movement.
branchial arches
6 stacked bilateral swellings of tissue that appear inferior to the stomodeum and include the mandibular arch.
cleft palate
Developmental disturbance owiing to faiure of fusion of hte palatal shelves with the primary palate or with each other.
cleft uvula
Mildest form of cleft palate
copula
Pair of posterior swellings formed from the third and fourth branchial arches, which overgrow the second arches to form the base of the tongue.
epiglottic swelling
posterior swelling that develops from the 4th branchial arches and marks the development of the future epiglottis.
foramen cecum
Small pitlike depression located where the sulcus terminalis points backward toward the pharynx.
intermaxillary segment
Fused internal and inferior growth from the paired medial nasal processes on the inside of the stomodeum of the embryo.
lateral lingual swellings
Portions of the developing tongue that form on each side of the tuberculum impar.
palatal shelves
two processes derived from the maxillary processes during prenatal development
primary palate
Anterior portion o fhte final palate derived from the intermaxillary segment during prenatal development
secondary palate
Posterior portion of the final palate formed by the fusion of the two palatal shelves.
sulcus terminalis
V-shaped groove located posteriorly on the dorsal surface of the tongue.
tuberculum impar
Primitive tongue (initial portions fo the developing tongue.
Accessory roots
Extra root or roots on a tooth.
active eruption
actual vertical movement of the tooth.
alveolar bone
portion of the maxilla or mandible that supports the teeth.
ameloblasts
cells that differentiate from preameloblasts and that will form enamel during amelogenesis.
amelogenesis imperfecta
Hereditary type of enamel dysplasia in which the teeth have absent or thin enamel.
anodontia
Absence of a single tooth or multiple teeth owing to lack of initiation.
apposition
layered formation of a firm or hard tissue such as cartilage, bone, ename., dentin , and cementum.
basement membrane
extracellular material consisting of a basal and reticular lamina produced by the epthelium and connective tissue, respectively.
bell stage
4th stage of odontogenesis, in which differentiation occurs to its ruthest extent and the enamel organ assumes a bell shape.
bud stage
2nd stage of tooth development with the growth of the dental lamina or buds into the ectomesenchyme.
cap stage
3rd stage of tooth development, inwhich the tooth bud of dental lamina grows into a cap shape.
cells of the dental papilla: inner, central, outer
inner mass of ectomesenchyme of the tooth germ that produces the dentin and pulp tissue.
cementoblasts
cells that form cementoid and are differentiated from the dental sac.
cementocytes
cementoblasts entrapped by the cementum they produce.
cementogenesis
apposition of cementum in the rooth area.
cementoid
cementum matrix laid down by cementoblasts
cervical loop
Most cervical portion of the enamel organ that is responsible for root develpment.
concrescence
Union of the root structure of two or more teeth through the cementum only
dens in dente
Developmental disturbance caused by invagination of enamel organ into dental papilla
dental lamina
Growth from the oral epithelium that gives rise to the tooth buds.
dental papilla
Inner mass of ectomesenchyme of the tooth germ that produces the dentin and pulp tissue.
dental sac
Portion of the tooth germ consisting of ectomesenchyme surrounding the outside of the enamel organ, which produces the periodontium of a tooth.
dentigerous cyst
Odontogenic cyst that forms from the reduced enamel epithelium.
dentin dysplasia
faulty development of dentin
dentinal tubule
long tubes in the dentin
dentinocemental junction
junction between the dentin and cementum during the formation of the root of the tooth
dentinoenamel junction
DEJ junction between the dentin and enamel formed by the mineralization of the disintegrating basemenbt membrane
dentinogenesis imperfecta
apposition of predentin by the odontoblasts.**Hereditary disorder of dentin formation; opalescent dentin. Enamel is structurally normal but fractures easily due to poor dentinal support
dentition
natural teeth in the jawbones, consisting of primary and permanent.
permanent dentition
the second dentition
dentition periods
3 periods that occur throughout a lifetime, primary, mixed, and permanent dentition periods
primary dentition
1st dentition of teeth present, also called the deciduous period.
mixed dentition
dentition period that occurs between 6 and 12 years of age and has both primary and permanet teeth present.
differentiation
change in the embryonic cells which are genetically identical but become quite distinct structurally and functionally
dilaceration
crown or roots showing angular distortion
ectoderm
layer int eh trilaminar embryonic disc derived rom the epiblast layer and lining the stomodeum.
ectodermal dysplasia
syndrome invoving abnormal development of one or more ectodermal structures, including anodontia.
ectomesenchyme
a type of mesenchyme from the ectoderm, which is influenced by neural crest cells that have migrated to the area.
Inner enamel epithelium (IEE)
innermost cells of the enamel organ which form ameloblasts.
outer enamel epithelium (OEE)
Outer cells of the enamel organ that serve as a protective barrier during enamel production.
enamel organ
Cap or bell shaped portion of the tooth germ that produces enamel.
enamel dysplasia
faulty development of enamel resulting from many factors.
enamel pearls
small spherical enamel projections on the tooth surface
epithelial rests of Malassez
groups fo epithelial cells in the periodontal ligament after the disintegration of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath that can become cystic.
gemination
develpmental disturbance that occurs because the single toothgerm tries unsuccessfully to divide, resulting in a large single-rooted tooth.
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath
Portion of the cervical loop that functions to shape the roots and induce dentin formation in the root areas.
initiation stage
first stages of development
macrodontia
abnormally large teeth.
matrix
substance in connective tissue composed of intercellular substance and fibers or extracellular substance that is partially calcified and serves as a framework for later calcification.
microdontia
abnormally small teeth
Nasmyth's membrane
residue on newly erupted teeth that may become extrinsically staned
Nonsuccedaneous
permanent teeth without primary predecessors, namely the molars.
Odontoclasts
cells that produce dentin and differentiate from the outer cells of the dental papilla
odontoblasts
cells that produce dentin and differentiate from the outer cells fo the dental papilla.
odontoblastic process
attaced cellular extension of the odontoblast within the dentinal tublue through the entire wiedth of the dentin.
odontogenesis
tooth development
oral epithelium
embryonic lining of the oral cavity derived from ectoderm, which along with underlying tissues gives rise to teh teeth and associated tissues.
periodontal ligament
PDL ligamenht surrounding the teeth that supports and attaches the teeth to the bony surface of the alveoli.
preameloblasts
cells formed from the inner enamel epithelium of the enamel organ that differentiate into ameloblasts.
predentin
dentinmatrix laid down by apposition by the odontoblasts.
reduced enamel epithelium
layers of flattened cells overlying the enamel surface resulting from a compression of teh enamel organ.
repolarization
Process that occurs in a cell in which the nucleus moves away from the center to a position farthest away from the basement membrane.
resorption
removal of a hard tissue such as bone, enamel, dentin, or cementum.
root trunk
portion of the root of multirooted teeth where the root originates from the crown..
stellate reticulum
One of the two layers between teh outer and inner enamel epithelium of the enamel organ; consists of star-shaped cells.
stratum intermedium
one of the two layers between teh outer and inner enamel epithelium of the enamel organ, consisting of a compressed layer of lat to cuboidal cells....
succedaneous
Permanent teeth with primary predecessors; include the anterior teeth and premolars
successional dental lamina
Extension of the dental lamina into the ectomesenchyme lingual to the developing primary tooth germs that will form the succedaneous permanent teeth.
supernumerary teeth
.developmental disturbance characterized by one or more extra teeth.
Tome's process
secretory surface of each ameloblast
tooth fairy
mythological reature who at night takes children's shed primary teeth from under their pillows and leaves a sum of cash...
tooth germ
primordium of the tooth, which consists of the enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac.
tubercles
accessory cusps on teh cingulum of certain anterior teeth or occulusa tables of permanent molars...
implantation
Embedding of a blastocyst in the endometrium
induction
process by which the action of one group of cells on another leads to the establishment of the developmental pathway in the responding tissue.
spina bifida
Neural tube defect affecting the bertebral arches and causing varying degrees of diability
Cleft lip
Developmental disturbance of the upper lip owing to failure of fusion of the maxillary processes with the medial nasal process.
amelogenesis
apposition of enamel matrix by amelolasts
passive eruption
eruption that takes place that occurs as we age, when the gingiva recedes and no actual tooth movement takes place.
epithelium
basic tissue type that covers and lines the external and internal body surfaces: