Dental terms

Abutment Teeth

Teeth, roots, or implants used for the retention of a fixed or removable prosthesis.

amalgam

an alloy of mercury with another metal (usually silver) used by dentists to fill cavities in teeth

anatomical chart

Chart used to record dental conditions via an anatomical representation of the teeth in the dental arches.

anterior teeth

teeth towards the front

apex

area at the end of the tooth root

bridge

fixed prosthetic

buccal

surfaces of posterior teeth that face the cheek

cast crowns

Cast restoration that covers the anatomical crown.

central incisors

anterior teeth (toward the front) characterized by thin, sharp incisal edges, which aid in cutting food

crown

uppermost portion of tooth covered in enamel.

cusp

pointed or rounded eminence on the surface of a tooth

dental arch

upper or lower anatomic structure of the mouth

dental caries

progressive disease that demineralizes enamel, enters the dentin, and quickly reaches the pulp of the tooth

dental prophylaxis

Removal of stains and hard deposits from teeth.

dentin

bulk of the tooth main portion

diastema

gap created between the two front teeth when the maxillary labial frenum is too thick or wide

distal

Away from the midline

enamel

hard covering of the crown of the tooth the hardest tissue of the body

endodontics

Procedure that removes diseased pulpal tissue.

facial

relating to the front of the head which consists of 14 bones

fluoride treatments

Treatments to strengthen enamel and protect teeth from devoping carious lesions.

frenum

strip of tissue that connects two structures

gag reflex

contraction of the constrictor muscles of the pharynx in response to tast or touch

geometric chart

Method in which circles are used to represent teeth and are divided into sections that represent the surfaces of teeth.

incisal

sharp cutting edge of anterior teeth (incisors and cuspids)

inlay

partial coverage of a tooth usually the same surfaces as amalgam restorations.

interproximal

space created by two proximal surfaces

labial

surface of a tooth is that is closest to the lips

lateral incisors

Anterior teeth characterized by thin, sharp incisal edges that aid in cutting food.

lingual

Towards the tongue or the inside of the mouth

malocclusion

teeth that are out of alignment or occlusion

mandibular arch

the lower jaw

mastication

chew food; grinding food with teeth

maxillary arch

upper teeth or jaw

mesial

Towards the midline

mixed dentition

primary and permanent teeth are present

occlusal

Chewing surface of posterior teeth

occlusion

relationship between the maxillary arch and the mandibular arch and the way they meet or touch.

onlay

partial coverage of a tooth the same as an inlay with more tooth surface.

panographic x-ray unit

machine that takes extraoral (outside the mouth) radiographic films

permanent dentition

consists of 32 teeth that are designed to last a lifetime

pontic

Artificial tooth on a fixed bridge

porcelain fused to metal

Gold-cast crown with a porcelain cover (tooth colored).

posterior

a tooth situated at the back of the mouth

primary dentition

consists of 20 teeth that are normally lost during childhood and are replaced by the permanent teeth

proximal

surfaces that are adjacent or next to other surfaces of teeth.

quadrants

four sections of the dental arches.

removable partial

removable prosthesis

resin

tooth colored restorative material

restorative dentistry

process through which a dentist removes caries from the tooth

root

anatomical portion of a tooth located in the alveolar process

root canal

procedure that replaces diseased pulp

sealants

Procedure that covers the chewing surfaces of teeth with a thin coat of resin. The purpose of this coating treatment is to seal and protect the tooth from the effects of acid attacks, which cause demineralization of enamel and lead to carious lesions.

simple extractions

Removal of one or more teeth without the need to remove bone or cut tissue.

surfaces of the tooth

Sections into which each tooth is divided. Each surface has a name that is used by the dental professional to describe the exact location of tooth decay, restorations, and other conditions.

surgical extractions

procedures that include the cutting of tissue and the removal of bone to facilitate the removal of a tooth

universal numbering system

identification of the teeth bu number the permanent teeth 1-32 and lettering the primary teeth A-T.

veneer crown

Thin coverage on the fasial surface made only with a cast composite or resin material.