prosthesis
replacement for a missing body part; can be fixed or removable
fixed appliance
prosthesis that is placed in the mouth and is not intended for removal
removable appliance
prosthesis that is placed in and out of the mouth at the patient's will
implantology
science of dental implants, involves the use of fixed and removable appliances in some instances
noble metals
valuable alloys: gold (Au), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt); used in the construction of prostheses
base metals
chromium-cobalt or chromium nickel; used in the construction of prostheses, may be used alone or in a mixture with noble alloys
porcelain
hard, translucent ceramic ware; shells, veneer covers or facings fused to the surface of a metal crown to give the appearance of natural tooth surface
PFM
porcelain fused to metal
composite
resin material used for tooth-colored replacement
acrylic
synthetic resin material used in fabrication of appliance parts, as coverings for the metal frameworks, or as natural tissue replacement
ceramic
hard brittle material produced from non-metallic substances fired at high temperatures; supplied in block shape for milling into crown and tooth forms
titanium
corrosion-resistant, lightweight, strong bio-compatible metal used in dental implants and posts
hardness
ability of metal to withstand penetration
tensile strength
capability of a material to be stretched
ductility
ability of a material to be drawn or hammered out, as into a fine wire, without breaking
elasticity
ability of a material to be stretched and the resume its original shape
malleability
ability of a material to be pressed or hammered out into various forms and shapes
elongation
ability of a material to stretch before permanent deformation begins
inlay
solid casted or milled restoration involving some occlusal and proximal surfaces that is cemented into a tooth preparation
onlay
solid casted or milled restoration that covers some occlusal tooth cusp and side wall area that is cemented onto the prepared site
crown
fabricated, tooth-shaped cover replacement for a missing crown area that is cemented onto the remaining prepared crown surfaces
full crown
cast metal, tooth-shaped cover that replaces the entire crown area; acrylic resin crowns maybe be used as a temporary crown cover during treatment
jacket crown
thin, preformed, metal shield used to cover a large area of anterior crowns; can be gold metal covered with porcelain material to resemble tooth enamel
dowel crown
full crown cover with dowel pin extending into the root canal of a pulpless tooth, usually positioned on anterior teeth
three-quarter crown
similar to full crown, covering all of the crown except the facial surface of the tooth that remains intact, to present an esthetic, natural appearance
porcelain-fused-to-gold (PFM)
crown that has a complete capping of metal based with fused porcelain to metal, giving tooth contour, shape, and cover
direct veneer
veneer that is placed and cured directly on the tooth surface to build up the area of replace missing tooth structure
indirect veneer
tooth material is prepared in the lab and later cemented onto the tooth structure
bridge
prosthesis used to replace one or more teeth
fixed bridge
bridge that is cemented into the oral cavity and not removed by the patient; the number of teeth involved in the appliance determines the number of units
Maryland bridge
bridge that replaces anterior or posterior tooth and is cemented directly to the adjacent or abutting teeth; also called resin-bonded bridge
resin-bonded bridge
bridge that replaces anterior or posterior tooth and is cemented directly to the adjacent or abutting teeth; also called Maryland bridge
cantilever bridge
bridge with unsupported end, usually saddled
pontic
artificial tooth part of bridge that replaces the missing tooth and restores function to the bite
abutment
natural tooth or teeth that are prepared to hold or support the retaining part of the bridgework in position
adjacent teeth
may be included in units if they are involved in the bridge area
denture
removable appliance composed of artificial teeth set in and acrylic base
complete denture
full denture designed to replace the entire dentition of an upper or lower arch
partial denture
removable appliance, usually composed of framework, artificial teeth, and acrylic material; replaces one or more teeth in an arch
immediate denture
denture prosthesis that is placed into the mouth at the time the natural teeth are surgically removed
overdenture
prosthetic denture that is prepared to fit and be secured upon implant posts or prepared retained roots
framework
metal skeleton or spine onto which a removable prosthesis is constructed
saddle
part of the removable prosthesis that strides or straddles the gingival crest; used to balance the prosthesis, and serves as a base for placement of artificial teeth
rests
small extensions of removable prosthesis made to fit or sit atop the adjoining teeth; provide balance and stability for partial denture appliance; named for the area that is in contact with the tooth surface-occlusal, lingual, incisal, etc.
clasp
extension of partial framework that grasps the adjoining teeth to provide support and retention of the prosthesis
retainer
in fixed prosthesis, part of the appliance that joins with the abutting, natural tooth to support the appliance that joins with span of a bridge over the water; some are thin bars extending from quadrant to quadrant, called lingual bars or palatial bars
connector
used to connect quadrants of a partial denture or connect and support an overdenture
stress breaker
connector applied in stress-bearing areas to provide a safe area for breakage
artificial teeth
anatomical substitutes for natural teeth; made of porcelain or acrylic material in various shades and shapes, called molds
denture base
acrylic part of the denture prosthesis that substitutes for the gingival tissue
flange
projecting rim or lower edge of prosthesis
post dam
posterior edge of the maxillary denture; helps to maintain the denture and suction
elastometric
having properties similar to rubber
hydrocolloid
impression material that is both reversible and irreversible; agar-like material that can change from one form to another
reversible hydrocolloid
impression material that can change from a solid or gel state to a liquid form and back again, depending upon temperature changes
thermoplastic
quality of a material that changes from a rigid to plastic or movable form as a result of application of heat
irreversible hydrocolloid
quality that, once chemically set or in gel form, cannot be reversed or used again; water balance and stability can be affected by humidity
alginate
irreversible hydrocolloid
imbibition
swelling from absorption of water
extruder gun
twin-cartridge, calibrated mixing dispenser; used for rubber bases
basic types of rubber bases
silicone, polyether, polysulfide, polyvinylsiloxane
compound
thermoplastic and non-elastic impression material; may be used in edentulous impressions; supplied in cakes or blocks; heated to a soft, pliable mass, placed in an impression tray, put into mouth
edentulous
without teeth
alveoectomy
surgical removal of alveolar bone crests, may be required to provide smooth alveolar ridge for denture seating
alveoplasty
surgical reshaping or contouring of alveolar bone
extraction
surgical removal of teeth; if completed before the insertion of an immediate denture, a clear template may be used as a guide to prepare the alveolar surface
coping
metal cover placed over the remaining natural tooth surfaces to provide attachments for overdentures
reduction
removal of tooth decay and surfaces to receive the appliance; various margin edges are prepared on the natural tooth to accommodate the thickness and material of the covering artificial crown
chamfer
(tapered margin at tooth cervix); preparation for crown placement
shoulder
(cut gingival margin edge); preparation to provide junction of the crown and tooth
bevel
(slanted edge); tooth preparation for seating and holding a crown
core buildup
use of synthetic material to enlarge tooth core area to provide support for an artificial crown and to protect the pulpal tissues; small brass pins may be inserted into the material to aid retention and strength
post placement
addition of a metal retention post to teeth that have had pulp removal and root canal enlargement, to aid in stability and strength
undercut
removal of tooth structure near the gingival edge to provide a seat or placement for the extending edge of the appliance
retraction cord
chemically treated cord placed in the gingival sulcus to obtain chemical or physical shrinking of the gingiva, also used to control bleeding
bite registration
impression of the teeth while in occlusion; taken to assist with fabircation of the prosthesis
open bite
bite registration in which patient bites into impression material
closed bite
bite registration in which impresion material is injected and expressed around desired teeth while they are in occlusion
opposing arch
bite registration in which impressions of the occlusal surfaces of both arches are taken in the same procedure
work order
written directions from the dentist to the laboratory completing the case; the impressions, bite registration, and orders are sent together
temporary/provisional coverage
temporary protection for the prepared tooth while laboratory work is being completed; may be in form of an aluminum cap, acrylic custom cover, or preformed resin crown form cemented onto the prepared teeth for protection until the final try-in and deliver
seating
placement and fitting of appliance for try-in and final cementation; patient bites on a stick/device, applying pressure for application of the crown/prosthetic item
condylar inclination
observation of bite relationship and TMJ involvement
centric
articulation movement occuring when the condyle rests in the temporal bone during biting, resting, and mouth movements
protrusion
measurement with the mandible thrust forward, with the lower jaw out
retrusion
measurement with the mandible drawn backward
lateral excursion
measurement with side-to-side movement of the mandible
appearance indicators
notations of the smile line and the length of the cuspid point
implant
surgical insertion of implant posts/prepared frame to provide stabilization for overdentures/appliance retention
root form implant-endosseous
screw-type device that is screwed/cemented into the mandibular bone; used for a single tooth/post implant
endosseous
within the alveolar bone
plate form implant
implant used for the narrow jaw bone; flat plate style
subperiosteal
implant plate or frame placed under the periodontium and stablized on the mandibular bone; used when bone height/width is insufficient; rests on top of the bone
transosteal
implant; larger plate stabilized on the lower border of the mandibular bone with posts extending through the gingiva; used to anchor prostheses in difficult situations
osseointegration
process in which implant appliances bond with bone tissue in order to obtain stability