what are the 5 rules to avoid over exposure to the operator?
*Never hold film for the patient
*never stand in direct line of primary beam
*always stand behind a lead barrier of drywall
*never stand closer than 6ft from unit
*maintain film badge every 30days
What should be done with each exposed film when removed from mouth?
wipe saliva from film packet using a dry 2x2 or paper towel
What should use FDA clear barriers according to whom?
digital radiography sensor according to the CDC
What is the dentist ultimately responsible for?
overall quality assurance
How long for fixer to work at full strength
2 minutes
What's the most critical component in the quality control of film processing?
processing solutions
What's a coin test?
test to check safelight
What does it mean when the film package is clean with slight blue tint?
films are fresh and has been properly stored and handled
What's the quality administration procedures and quality control test for?
QA every being done possible to ensure high quality diagnostic radiograph
When should a DA explain important of radiographs and detecting disease and planning treatment? and what should be done upn refusal?
b4 procedure..document in chart
What is property of the dentist?
xrays
What is a disclosure?
process of informing the patient about the nature and purpose of dental radiographs
What federal law requires proper trainning for radiographs and certifications?
consumer-patient radiation health and safety act
What is true reguarding federal and state regulations on the use of radiograph equipment?
most states have laws that require inspection on xray equipment on regular basis
What causes a straight white border?
undeveloped part of film from low level of developer(developer cut off)
What happens with a sudden temperature change between developer and water bath?
reticulation or emulsion
What requires less film processing equipment?
automatic processor
What does the fixer do for film processing?
remove the unexposed silver crystals from the film emulsion, also hardens the film emulsion
What is the purpose of intensifying screens?
to increase the effect of the radiation and decrease the amount of exposure time needed
What must always face the patient during exposure?
front side of cassette
Where is the panoranic placed during exposure?
outside the mouth
#2 film is most commonly used for ________________.
adult full mouth and bitewing
What is the newest and fastest film used?
fspeed
Where is the gelatin that suspends the emulsion located?
radiographic image of the xray film
What are XCP, disposable block, EZ grip rinn?
intraoral film holder
Never stand closer than 6ft of what? during what?
xray unit during exposure
What should happen if you're pregnant?
use a lead apron..nothing needs to be altered
What must be used during all x-rays?
lead apron and thyroid collar
What has highest radiation sensitivity?
small lymph sites, bone marrow and reproductive cells
What can effect both genetic and somatic cells?
ionizing radiation
What is an easy way to check the strength of the developer?
use of a reference radiograph or stepwedge radiograph
What does smaller film crystal size do?
show sharper details of image
What does miliampre seconds do?
quality of electrons available for degree of density or blackness
What is contrast?
the range of shades of gray to black to white
What is radiolucent and radiopaque on a radiograph?
radiolucent-dark
radiopaque-white or gray
What'll metal resterations appear as x-ray films?
white or light gray (radiopaque)
What's x-radiation that's created when primary beam interacts with matter?
secondary radiation
What contains elements that procedure x-rays and is the heart of x-ray systems?
x-ray tube
What does positioning of the tubehead?
extension arm
What is shorter wavelength of x-rays and their usefulness?
b/c of high energy shorter wavelengths can penetrate matter more easily than long
What're maintained in their orbits by electron binding energy a force similar to gravity?
electrons
What is made from atoms and molecules?
matter
Who's the first to use radiograph technologies in 1896?
c.edmund kells
What did Roengen do and when?
discovered xrays on nov 8, 1895
What causes harmful biologic changes?
ionizing radiation
What detects bone loss in early stages?
dental radiographs