Central Incisor
Lateral Incisor
Canine (cuspid)
First Molar
Second Molar
Name the teeth contained in one quadrant of the primary dentition
Letters (A-T)
Primary teeth are identified by _________
20
# of teeth in the primary dentition
Premolars
3rd molar
Posterior teeth that are absent from primary dentition
Anatomic Crown
Portion of the tooth covered by enamel (doesn't change)
Clinical Crown
Portion of the tooth that is clinically visible (changes with age)
A= Anatomic Crown (does not change with age)
B = Clinical Crown (changes with age/different factors affecting gingival tissue)
(A) Which crown?
(B) Which crown?
A = Young patient
B = Old patient
Which patient is older and which is younger?
Proximal Surface
The place where the mesial of one tooth contacts the distal of the adjacent
Between central incisors (midline)
3rd molars
Where would you find two mesial surfaces making a proximal surface? What other teeth only have 1 proximal surface?
Axial Surface
What is the more generic term for mesial, distal, facial, and lingual surfaces? (posterior teeth have 4 of these)
False (Triangular ridge of a distofacial cusp )
True or false: The arrow indicates a lingual ridge of the distofacial cusp.
False (Triangular ridge of the distolingual cusp)
True or False: The arrow indicates a facial ridge of the distolingual cusp.
Oblique Ridge
A special transverse ridge which forms from the union of the triangular ridge of the distofacial cusp and the distal cusp ridge of the mesiolingual cusp.
Pure
In order to be a ______ transverse ridge, both ridges must be triangular.
Oblique Ridge
What is an example of a transverse ridge that is not a pure transverse ridge?
Permanent maxillary 1st, 2nd, 3rd molars
Primary maxillary 1st, 2nd molar
Where are oblique ridges found in the permanent and primary dentition?
Lingual Ridges
A special ridge to canines that is NOT found on the facial surface. This is the only anterior tooth to have this anatomy.
Cusp tip to the cingulum
The lingual ridge of a canine extends from what two tooth landmarks?
Mesial and Distal Lingual Fossa
Lingual ridges of anterior canines create what surfaces?
Cervical Ridge
What is the height of contour (or greatest convexity) found on all facial surfaces, and on lingual surfaces of anterior teeth, at the cervical third of the crown?
Lingual Heights of Contour
The raised or convex contour on the lingual surface of posterior teeth found in the middle third. Not a ridge.
Sulcus
A depression or valley (negative anatomy) on the surface of a tooth between two ridges and/or cusps of which the inclines meet at an angle.
Proximal, Adjoining Axial surface, then occlusal surface (ex: mesiofacial-occlusal point angle)
How do you name a point angle on a posterior tooth?
True
True or False: The base of a triangular fossa is a marginal ridge.
False (A groove is at the bottom of a sulcus)
True or False: Sulcus and groove are used interchangeably.
Apical Third
From a facial view, what is the most lateral root portion of an anterior tooth arbitrarily named?
Middle Third
From a mesial view, what is the middle portion of the tooth/root anatomy arbitrarily named?
Mesial Third
From an incisal view, the surface of tooth that is closer to the midline is arbitrarily referred to as what?
Maxillary Central Incisor, 1.5 months
What is the first primary tooth to have a completed crown? How old is the child?
Maxillary 2nd Molar, 11 months
What is the last primary tooth crown to be completed? How old is the child?
1 year
By what age are all tooth crowns complete?
maxillary central incisors
mandibular central incisors
mandibular lateral incisors
1.5 years
What are the first maxillary and mandibular primary tooth roots to completely form? How old is the child?
20 months
At what age have all primary teeth emerged except for the second molars?
6 years
Anterior tooth spacing stops by what age?
Permanent 1st Molars
What molars erupt at age 6?
Permanent incisors
Permanent 1st premolars
Permanent 1st molars
Calcification of what PERMANENT crowns have completed by age 6?
13-16 weeks
When does calcification begin in utero?
18-20 weeks
When have all primary teeth initiated calcification in utero?
Mandibular
In primary dentition, do the mandibular or maxillary teeth usually erupt before namesakes in the opposing structure?
Females
Do males or females exhibit earlier eruption timeframes?
Prenatal
Initial mineralization of the primary dentition is entirely completed when?
Mandibular central incisor
Maxillary 2nd Molar
The first primary tooth to erupt in the oral cavity is the _______. The last primary tooth to erupt into the oral cavity is the ________.
29 months
When does the last primary tooth emerge?
3.25 years (39 months)
When is root formation complete for primary teeth?
4 years
When does anterior tooth spacing become evident? (primate spacing)
3 years
When is tooth occlusion evident?
Dental Follicles
A sac-like structure that contains the developing tooth within the osseous structures of the jaw.
Lingual
Is the dental follicle of developing permanent anterior teeth positioned facial or lingual to the primary tooth roots?
Distal or posterior to the primary molars
Where are the developing follicles of permanent molars located?
No, only permanent centrals, laterals, canines, and 1st/2nd premolars
Are the permanent first, second, and third molars considered succedaneous teeth?
1st molar
Central Incisor
Canine
Lateral Incisor
From birth to 1 year, what permanent teeth are initiating calcification?
Premolars
2nd Molars
From years 2-4, what permanent teeth are initiating calcification?
9 years
When do the 3rd molars begin calcification?
Maxillary canine
At age 11, the mandibular 2nd premolar emerges slightly before what tooth?
Haplodont
Cusp classification with a single cone structure
Triconodont
Cusp classification with three cusps in a straight line
Tritubercular Molar
Cusp classification with three cusps in a primary triangle.
Quadritubercular Molar
Cusp classification with four cusps in a rectangular or rhomboid form. Seen in humans.
Mesiofacial cusp
Distofacial cusp
Mesiolingual cusp
The Trigon primary cusp triangle on a maxillary molar consists of what cusps?
Protoconid
Hypoconid
Hypoconulid
Metaconid
Entoconid
On the mandibular first molar, what is the primitive cusp name for the following:
MF cusp
DF cusp
D cusp
ML cusp*
DL cusp
Maxillary
Triangular
An anterior transverse ridge is exhibited only on permanent _______ molars. It is confluent with the mesial marginal ridge, obliterating much of the mesial _______ fossa.
Maxilla
Is the mandible or maxilla larger from the distal of one third molar through the middle of each tooth to the opposite side third molar?
First premolar (5 degrees)
From a proximal reference point, which maxillary teeth display the smallest deviation from the vertical axis?*
Central Incisor (2 degrees)
From a facial reference point, which maxillary teeth display the smallest deviation from the vertical axis?*
2nd Premolar (6 degrees)
From a proximal reference point, which mandibular teeth display the smallest deviation from the vertical axis?*
Lateral Incisor (0 degrees)
From a facial reference point, which mandibular teeth display the smallest deviation from the vertical axis?*
Curved
Is an ideal plane of occulsion flat or curved?
Curved plane of occlusion
Permits simultaneous functional contacts to occur in controlled areas of the dental arch. Permits maximum use of tooth contacts during function.
True
True or False: The teeth are strategically positioned in the arches at varied and coordinated degrees of inclination.
2
Most teeth contact how many teeth in the opposing arch?
Maxillary 3rd molars
Which maxillary teeth have only ONE antagonist in the opposing arch?
Mandibular central incisors
Which mandibular teeth have only ONE antagonist in the opposing arch?
Max = IJ JM JM
Central/Lateral/Canine
What are the locations of proximal contact areas in the maxilla?
Man = II II IM
Central/Lateral/Canine
What are the locations of proximal contact areas in the mandible?
Mesial of the maxillary lateral incisor
Mesial of the maxillary canine
Where would you find a proximal contact area at the junction of the incisal and middle thirds in the maxilla?
Midline
Is the anterior proximal contact most incisal at the midline or distally?
Incisogingival ovoid
What describes the shape of the proximal contact point?
Gingival tissue and interseptal bone accomodation
Why is the gingival embrasure larger than the incisal embrasure?
Canine
In the mandibular anterior teeth, what tooth has a middle third proximal contact point on its distal side?
Cervical third (0.5 mm)
The height of contour of the maxillary anterior teeth, both facially and lingually, is located where?
Cervical third (0.5 mm)
The height of contour of the maxillary posterior teeth on the facial surface is located where?
Middle third (0.5 mm)
The height of contour of the maxillary posterior teeth on the lingual surface is located where?
Height of Curvature of the Cervical Line
Measures the lowest point on the cervical line to the highest point on the cervical line in the middle of the proximal surface.
Mesial
Is the height of curvature of the cervical line greater on the mesial or distal side?
Maxillary Central Incisor (mesial is largest, 3.5mm)
Which tooth has the greatest mesial curvature at the cervical line?
Molars
Which teeth have little to no curvature?
Maxillary teeth have a greater height of curvature
Is the height of curvature at the cervical line different in the maxilla and mandible?
Periodontal ligament
Attaches tooth to alveolar bone by insertion into the cementum and bone
Transseptal fibers
What periodontal fibers connect one tooth to and adjacent tooth across the interproximal space?
Oblique fibers
What periodontal fibers resist forceful impaction of a tooth into the alveolus, consistent with many types of trauma?
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Orthodontic forces on the periodontal fibers cause the activity of what type of cells?
Calcification or Mineralization
Process by which the tissues of the developing tooth become hardened by the deposits of calcium salts.
Emergence
The precise stage of tooth development as it first appears or emerges through the gingiva
Eruption
The continuous and dynamic movement of the tooth as it develops from its initial calcification stage until it reaches occlusal contact with a tooth in the opposing arch.
Root Completion
The process of completed calcification of a tooth, whereby the apical foramen has anatomically closed.
Exfoliation
Loss of a tooth from the oral cavity
Tooth Follicle
Center of calcification that contains the developing tooth and odontogenic organ.
Birth
Mandibular 1st molar
Mandibular central incisor
When is this? What crowns are completely calcified?
Twenty Months
2nd primary molars
When is this? What has yet to emerge in the primary dentition at this time?
6 years old
Anterior tooth spacing stops
Permanent 1st molars erupted
When is this? What are the key identifiers of age?
1st Molar
2nd Molar
The developing tooth follicle of permanent premolars is located within the bifurcation or trifurcation of what primary teeth?