Who suggests that rate and effort are critical to fluency?
Starweather
T or F:A fluent speaker effortlessly produces speech at a rate comfortable to listeners
True
What are some core behaviors?
-Repetitions,
-Prolongations,
-Blocks (appear first)
What are some secondary behaviors?
Appears when PWS fears the stutter/ avoidance behaviors
What is the prevalence of stuttering?
1%
What are the PWS reactions?
-Nervous
-Fear
-Embarrassment
-Shame
What is the difference between feelings & attitudes?
Feelings are emotional & attitude is cognitive belief
What are the onsets of stuttering?
-Start with repetitions
-Then prolongations start next
-3 girls for every 1 boy will recover from stuttering
What is the predictability?
The PWS predicts the time they stutter
What is the variability?
The variability depends on every person that stutters and their secondary behaviors
What are the 4 types of stuttering?
-Acquired
-Developmental
-Psychogenic
-Neurogenic
What is the etiology of stuttering?
There is none