A patient should be placed in the recovery position when he or she:
is unresponsive, uninjured, and breathing adequately
After ________ minutes without oxygen, permanent brain damage is possible.
4-6 minutes
Respiratory arrest usually occurs before cardiac arrest in __________.
children
Which of the following is true of infants and children?
they consume O2 much faster than adults
A team of EMTs and paramedics are attempting to resuscitate a man who is in cardiac arrest while his wife and son are present. Which of the following should occur during the resuscitation attempt?
one EMT should update the family on the interventions that have been performed and how the pt has responded
Which of the following statements regarding the use of an AED in children is correct?
AED use in children up to 8 y.a. requires pediatric pads and an energy reducer
After an advanced airway device has been inserted during two-rescuer CPR, you should:
deliver one rescue breath every 6 seconds
When ventilating an apneic adult with a bag-valve mask, you should deliver each breath:
while watching for adequate chest rise
In two-rescuer adult CPR, you should deliver a compression to ventilation ratio of:
1.251388889
Which of the following statements regarding CPR is correct?
CPR temporarily provides minimal circulation and ventilation
Which of the following is NOT an indication to stop CPR once you have started?
care is transferred to a bystander
You should attempt to maintain a chest compression fraction of at least:
0.6
What is the correct management of a conscious infant who is choking?
back blows and chest thrusts
The main benefit of using a mechanical device for chest compressions is:
the elimination of rescuer fatigue that results from manual compressions
To ensure that you will deliver the appropriate number of chest compressions during one-rescuer adult CPR, you should compress the patient's chest at a rate of:
100-120 bpm (5-6 cycles/2 min)
If your patient has no pulse, you should immediately __________.
begin chest compressions
Which of the following is considered an obvious sign of death and would not require the initiation of CPR?
dependent blood pooling
Which of the following maneuvers should be used to open a patient's airway when a spinal injury is suspected?
jaw-thrust
You and your partner arrive at the side of a 60-year-old woman who collapsed about 7 minutes ago. She is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should:
begin CPR and apply the AED as soon as it is available
Your initial attempt to ventilate an unresponsive, apneic 30-year-old man is met with resistance and you do not see the chest rise. Your second ventilation attempt is also unsuccessful. You should:
perform 30 chest compressions
Several attempts to adequately open a trauma patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver have been unsuccessful. You should:
carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver
Which of the following is NOT a BLS intervention?
cardiac monitoring
During two-rescuer CPR, the compressor and ventilator switch positions. While rescuer one is finishing his or her cycle of 30 compressions, rescuer two should:
move to the opposite side of the pt's chest
Abdominal thrusts in a conscious child or adult with a severe upper airway obstruction are performed:
until he/she loses consciousness
After establishing that an adult patient is unresponsive, you should:
open the airway
An apneic infant or child should be ventilated a maximum of _______ times per minute.
20
Which of the following techniques should you use to dislodge a foreign body airway obstruction in a patient who is in an advanced stage of pregnancy or who is very obese?
chest thrusts
What is the minimum number of chest compressions that should be delivered per minute to a 4-month-old infant?
100
What percentage of exhaled oxygen is delivered during mouth-to-mask breathing without supplemental oxygen?
0.16
The proper depth of chest compressions on a 9-month-old infant is:
one third - one half the diameter of the chest
Signs of a sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT:
forceful coughing
(SIGNS = acute cyanosis, inability to speak, grasping at the throat)
You should deliver chest compressions to an unconscious adult patient in cardiac arrest by:
compressing the sternum between the nipples
CPR will NOT be effective if the patient is:
prone
Complications associated with chest compressions include all of the following, EXCEPT:
gastric distention
You have assessed an unresponsive middle-aged female and determined that she is in cardiac arrest. When you apply the AED pads, you note that she has a medication patch over the same area where one of the AED pads will be placed. You should:
remove the medication patch, wipe away any residue, and apply the AED pads
To ensure that you will deliver the appropriate number of chest compressions during one-rescuer adult CPR, you should compress the patient's chest at a rate of about _______ per minute.
100
CPR should be initiated when:
a valid living will is unavailable
When performing CPR on a child, you should compress the chest:
with one or two hands
If gastric distention is interfering with your ability to adequately ventilate a patient, you may have to:
apply manual pressure to the abdomen
When assessing the pulse of an unresponsive infant, you should palpate the ________ artery.
brachial
Gastric distention will MOST likely occur:
if you ventilate a pt too fast
The MOST appropriate treatment for a patient with a mild upper airway obstruction includes:
administering O2 and transporting immediately
Which of the following statements regarding ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) is MOST correct?
survival rates decrease by 7-10% every minute that v-fib persists
Most prehospital cardiac arrests occur as the result of:
a cardiac arrhythmia
The impedance threshold device may improve circulation during CPR by:
limiting the amount of air that enters the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions which results in negative intrathoracic pressure and improved cardiac filling
Initial treatment to dislodge a severe foreign body airway obstruction in a responsive infant involves:
back slaps
The AED gives a "no shock" message to a patient who is in cardiac arrest. What should you do?
resume chest compressions
What is the maximum amount of time that should be spent checking for spontaneous breathing in an unresponsive child?
10 seconds
When performing CPR on an adult, you should compress the chest to what depth and at what a rate of compressions per minute?
5-6 cm; 100-120 compressions/min
When you are performing CPR on an adult or child, approximately how often should you reassess the patient for return of respirations and/or circulation?
every 2 minutes
What is the preferred method of removing a foreign body in an unresponsive child?
abdominal thrusts
You are off duty and you come across an unresponsive child lying on the ground at a playground. She does not have a pulse and no one witnessed the collapse. What should you do?
do 5 cycles of chest compressions and then call 911
You respond to a call in which a 6-year-old was hit by a car. She is responsive but struggling to breathe. What position should you place her in?
a position of comfort
When performing CPR on an infant, which of the following is correct?
place two fingers in the middle of the sternum below the nipple line
CPR is in progress on a pregnant woman. Shortly after manually displacing her uterus to the left, return of spontaneous circulation occurs. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?
pressure was relieved from her aorta and vena cava, improving the effectiveness of chest compressions
If an object is visible in the unconscious patient's airway, you should __________.
remove it
Your conscious patient has a mild partial airway obstruction. You should:
encourage the pt to cough
Which step would transcutaneous pacing be in the ideal sequence of events that can improve the chance of successful resuscitation of a patient who experiences sudden cardiac arrest?
Basic and advanced emergency medical services
Why are bystanders often hesitant to perform CPR?
a perception that bystander CPR involves both mouth-to-mouth breathing and chest compressions
Which of the following statements about performing CPR is FALSE
compression should be at a depth of 3-3.4 inches
For chest compressions to be most effective, they must be given:
hard and fast
According ot the AHA, what percentage of sudden cardiac arrest occurs in the home?
0.88
The ideal sequence of events that, when completed, can improve the chance of successful resuscitations of a patient who has an occurrence of sudden cardiac arrest is known as:
the Chain of Survival
What is the min. recommended age of a patient i cardiac arrest with regard to the use of an AED
older than 1 month
Which of the following interventions is preferred when caring for a pediatric patient who is experiencing cardiac arrest?
ALS backup with a manual defibrillator
Which of the following conditions causes the MOST prehospital cardiac arrests?
ventricular fibrilaltion
What is the BEST position to place a patient in during the performance of CPR
supine on a firm surface
Because you cannot rule out a spinal injury in an unresponsive patient, you must move the patient
as a unit
Once you have determined that the patient is unresponsive, you should heck for breathing and a pulse. These assessments should take no longer than ___ in total
10 seconds
After chest compressions have been stoped, how many compressions would it take to reestablish effective blood flow to the heart after chest compressions have resumed
44474
When checking for the carotid pulse, feel in the groove between the larynx and the ____ muscle
sternocleidomastoid
Which maneuver should be used first to open the airway of a patient who has a suspected spinal injury
Jaw-thrust maneuver
If the patient is breathing adequately on his or her own and had no signs of injury to the spin, hip or pelviss place him or her in the _____ position
recovery
Why should you never place a place a patient with a suspect head or spinal injury in the recovery position
#NAME?
Which of the following maneuvers should be used first in opening the airway of a patient who does NOT have a suspected neck injury
Head tilt-chin lift maneuver
When you are providing CPR alone, you must provide
a continuous cycle of 30 nest compressions followed by 2 artificial ventilation (30:2)
When you are providing CPR along, you must give ___ ventilations of 1 second each and observe for visible chest rise
2
Prior to assisting with two-rescuer CPR, which step should first be completed by the second rescuers
#NAME?
During CPR, if there are two rescuers on the scene, it is critical to have the compressors switch positions every ____ minutes
2
Which of the following devices offers you the option of providing compressions using a battery instead of an oxygen tank or a compressed air system?
Mechanical piston device
Which of the following benefits does a mechanical piston device provide
#NAME?
Which of the following devices is design to limit the air entering the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions?
Impedance threshold device
The ____ is a circumferential chest compression device that is either electrically or pneumatically driven to compress the heart by putting inward pressure on the thorax
load-distributing band
Which pulse should you palpate in an infant to assess the quality of the pulse?
Brachial
Which technique should two rescuers use to perform chest compressions on an infant?
use the two-thumb-encircling-hands technique
What you do right away if you found an unresponsive, apnea, and pulseless child when you are done and off duty and did not witness the child's collapse
Retrieve an AED, perform chest compression
Which of the following techniques should and EMT use for a responsive 4 y/o child who has a foreign body obstruction
Abdominal thrusts
Which of the following ailments appears first chronologically in infants and children
respiratory arrest
In which of the following situations might ice necessary to interrupt CPR?
To move a patient up or down stairs
A chest compression fraction is:
the total percentage of time during a resuscitation attempt in which chest compressions are being performed
A discoloration of the skin caused by pollen of blood is referred to as:
dependent lividty
Which possible sign of death is NOT a reason to refrain from performing CPR
No Pulse
Which mnemonic can an EMT use to remember the events that allow him or her to stop CPR
STOP
Sudden foreign body airway obstruction in adults usually occurs during:
meals
Which of the following are signs of a severe airway obstruction
#NAME?
An emergency responder should not interfere with a pediatric patient's attempts to expel a foreign body as longs as the patch can
talk, cough, breathe
Which of the following steps in removing a foreign body from an unresponsive infant is unnecessary
checking for a pulse
If the top of the patient's uterus can be felt at or above the level fo the umbilicus, what should an EMT do to relieve pressure off the patient's aorta and vena cava before starting compressions
perform manual displacement of the uterus
When responding to a patient who is in cardiac arrest due to an opioid overdoes, which standards resuscitative measure takes priority over naloxone
ventilation, defibrillation, high-quality chest compressions
After resuscitation has stopped, which measures should you take when dealing with the family of a patient who has just died?
be supportive but do not hover, try to exhibit cal, reassuring authority, introduce yourself an danyone with you
Which of the following statements about dealing with the family during CPR is false?
It is appropriate for EMS provers tot ell the family, "I'm sorry but he has passed on