given rapidly during compressions
IV/IO drug administration during CPR should be
Potential oxygen toxicity
What is the danger of routinely administering high concentrations of oxygen during post-cardiac arrest period for patients who achieve ROSC?
NOT recommended for routine use
Recommendation on the use of cricoid pressure to prevent aspiration during cardiac arrest
Performing a head tilt chin lift maneuver
Family members found a 45 year old woman unresponsive in bed. Patient is unconscious and in respiratory arrest. What is the recommended initial airway management technique?
Check for a pulse
After verifying unresponsiveness and abnormal breathing, you activate emergency response team. What is your next action?
Unstable supraventricular tachycardia
A responder is caring for a patient with a history of congestive heart failure. Patient is experiencing shortness of breath, a BP of 68/50 mmHg, and HR of 190/min. Patient's lead II ECG is displayed above (shows unstable SVT). Which of the following best
300 mg
Recommended 1st IV dose of amiodarone for a patient with refractory ventricular fibrillation?
Administer a second shock
Patient remains in ventricular fibrillation despite 1 shock and 2 minutes of continuous CPR. Next intervention is to
Administer 2 to 4 mg of morphine by slow IV bolus
49 year old man has retrosternal chest pain radiating into the left arm. Patient is diaphoretic, with associated shortness of breath. BP is 130/88 mmHg, HR is 110/min, RR is 22 breaths/min, and pulse oximetry is 95%. Patient's 12 lead ECG shows ST segment
At least 100/min
What is the appropriate rate of chest compressions for an adult in cardiac arrest?
Defibrillation
EMS personnel arrive to find a patient in cardiac arrest. Bystanders are performing CPR. After attaching a cardiac monitor, the responder observes the following rhythm strip. What is the most important early intervention?
Obtaining a 12 lead ECG
You are evaluating a 58-year-old man with chest pain. BP is 92/50 mmHg, HR is 92/min, nonlabored RR is 14 breaths/min, and the pulse oximetry reading is 97%. What assessment step is most important now?
Administration of IV or IO fluid bolus
What is the recommended initial intervention for managing hypotension in the immediate period after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)?
Divert the patient to a hospital 15 minutes away with CT capabilities
You are receiving a radio report from an EMS team en route with a patient who may be having an acute stroke. The hospital CT scanner is not working at this time. What should you do in this situation?
Closed-loop communication
A team leader orders 1 mg of epinephrine, and a team member verbally acknowledges when the medication is administered. What element of effective resuscitation team dynamics does this represent?
Transport the patient to a facility capable of performing PCI
Which is an appropriate and important intervention to perform for a patient who achieves ROSC during an out-of-hospital resuscitation?
Epinephrine
Which treatment or medication is appropriate for the treatment of a patient in asystole?
Administer the shock immediately and continue as directed by the AED
An AED advises a shock for a pulseless patient lying in snow. What is the next action?
Start chest compressions at a rate of at least 100/min
A patient with pulseless ventricular tachycardia is defibrillated. What is the next action?
IV or IO access
After verifying the absence of a pulse, you initiate CPR with adequate bag-mask ventilation. The patient's lead II ECG appears below. What is your next action?
Right ventricular infarction and dysfunction
Which is a contraindication to nitroglycerin administration in the management of acute coronary syndromes?
32�C to 34�C
What is the recommended target temperature range for achieving therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest?
PETCO2 < 10 mm Hg
Which finding is a sign of ineffective CPR?
Seeking expert consultation
A 56-year-old man reports that he has palpitations but not chest pain or difficulty breathing. BP is 132/68 mmHg, pulse is 130/min and regular, RR is 12 breaths/min, and pulse oximetry reading is 95%. The lead II ECG displays a wide-complex tachycardia. W
Check the patient's pulse
Your rescue team arrives to find a 59-year-old man lying on the kitchen floor. You determine that he is unresponsive and notice that he is taking agonal breaths. What is the next step in your assessment and management of this patient?
2 inches
What is the minimum depth of chest compressions for an adult in cardiac arrest?
Conduct a problem-focused history and physical examination
An 80-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with dizziness. She now states she is asymptomatic after walking around. Her BP is 102/72 mmHg. She is alert and oriented. Her lead II ECG is below. After you start an IV, what is the next action?
5 to 10 seconds
How long should it take to perform a pulse check during the BLS Survey?
160 to 325 mg
What is the recommended oral dose of aspirin for patients suspected of having one of the acute coronary syndromes?
Every 2 minutes
How often should the team leader switch chest compressors during a resuscitation attempt?
10 to 12 breaths per minute
What is the recommended assisted ventilation rate for patients in respiratory arrest with a perfusing rhythm?
Defibrillation
A patient has a witnessed loss of consciousness. Lead II ECG reveals this rhythm. What is the appropriate next intervention?
Obtain a 12-lead ECG and administer aspirin if not contraindicated
A postoperative patient in the ICU reports new chest pain. What actions have the highest priority?
Measure from the corner of the mouth to the angle of the mandible
Which of the following is an acceptable method of selecting an appropriately sized oropharyngeal airway (OPA)?
Antecubital vein
Which of the following is the recommended first choice for establishing intravenous access during the attempted resuscitation of a patient in cardiac arrest?
Begin CPR, starting with chest compressions
What is the recommended next step after a defibrillation attempt?
Continue CPR while the defibrillator is charging
What should be done to minimize interruptions in chest compressions during CPR?
Safety threat to providers
Which condition is an indication to stop or withhold resuscitative efforts?
12 to 24 hours
What is the recommended duration of therapeutic hypothermia after reaching the target temperature?
At least 100 per minute
What is the recommended compression rate for performing CPR?
Decreased cerebral blood flow
What is the immediate danger of excessive ventilation during the post-cardiac arrest period for patients who achieve ROSC?
120 to 200 J
What is the recommended energy dose for biphasic synchronized cardioversion of atrial fibrillation?
Vagal maneuvers
A 53-year-old man has shortness of breath, chest discomfort, and weakness. The patient's BP is 102/59 mmHg, HR is 230/min, the RR is 16 breaths/min, and the pulse oximetry reading is 96%. The lead II ECG is displayed below. A patent peripheral IV is in pl
Synchronized cardioversion
A patient in respiratory distress and with a BP of 70/50 mmHg presents with the following lead II ECG rhythm. What is the appropriate next intervention?
0.1 to 0.5 mcg/kg per minute IV infusion
What is the recommended dose of epinephrine for the treatment of hypotension in a post-cardiac arrest patient who achieves ROSC?
Intraosseous (IO)
Emergency medical responders are unable to obtain a peripheral IV for a patient in cardiac arrest. What is the next most preferred route for drug administration?
Have a team member attempt to palpate a carotid pulse
You have completed your first 2-minute period of CPR. You see an organized, nonshockable rhythm on the ECG monitor. What is the next action?
Synchronized cardioversion
What is the most appropriate intervention for a rapidly deteriorating patient who has this lead II ECG?
Improving patient outcomes by identifying and treating early clinical deterioration
What is the purpose of a medical emergency team (MET) or rapid response team (RRT)?
Produces a small amount of blood flow to the heart
What survival advantages does CPR provide to a patient in ventricular fibrillation?