22nd Amendment
Prevents a President from serving more than 2 terms, or a Vice President from serving 10 years via to the former President's death, resignation, impeachment, or incapacity
Executive Privilege
Allows the President to refuse to disclose information regarding confidential conversations or national security to Congress or the judiciary
U.S. v. Nixon (1974)
The Supreme Court ruled unanimously that there was no overriding executive privilege
Presidential Succession Act
List, those in line ( after the Vice President) shall succeed the President
25th Amendment
Directs the President to appoint a new Vice President, subject to the approval (by a simple majority) of both houses of Congress
Presidential Appointment
Constitution authorizes him to appoint, with the advice and consent of the Senate
Cabinet
An advisory group selected by the President to help him make decisions and execute the laws
Executive Agreements
Formal international agreements entered into by the president and DO NOT require the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate
Treaties
Formal international agreements entered into by the President and requires approval by 2/3 of the Senate
Legislation
Presidents cannot introduce legislation to Congress. They must rely on their party's leadership to do that for them
Appointments
The President has the authority to make 3,500 appointments to his administration (of which just over a 1,000 require Senate confirmation
He also technically appoints 75,000 military personnel
Power to make treaties
The President's power to make treaties with foreign nations is checked by the Constitution's stipulation that all treaties must be approved by at least 2/3 of the members of the Senate
Ambassadors
The chief executive can "receive ambassadors
The Senate
Ratifies about 90% of the treaties submitted to the President
(21 treaties that have been put to a vote have been rejected, often jnder highly partisan circumstances
Woodrow Wilson
Who was the Treaty of Versailles submitted by in 1919?
An agreement among the major nations to end World War I. It also called for a League of Nations
What is the Treaty of Versailles?
A precursor of the United States� to foster continued peace and international disarmament
What is the League of Nations?
Jimmy Carter
Who proposed the controversial Panama Canal Treaty in 1977?
A controversial treaty to turn the Panama Canal over to Panama
What is the Panama Canal Treaty?
A President unsigning a treaty
When the George Bush aministration formally withdre its support for the International Criminal Court it was an example of what?
Congressional "fast track" authority
protects a President's ability to negotiate trade agreements with confidence that the official agreement will not be altered by Congress
Trade agreements under "fast track
Trade agreements submitted to Congress under fast tract procedure bar amendments and require an up or down vote in Congress within 90 days of introduction
By entering into executive agreements, which allows the President to form secret and highly sensitive arrangements with foreign nations without Senate approval
How many the President try to get around the constitutional "advice and consent" of the Senate for ratification of treaties and the congressional approval requirements foe trade agreements?
Veto Power
Presidents can affect the policy process through the veto power, which is the authority to reject bills passed by both houses of Congress
By threatening to veto legislation gives a President another way to influence law-making
Why is the veto power sometimes not beneficial?
Ulysses S. Grant
Who proposed a constitutional amendment to give to Preidents a line- item veto?
A power to disapprove of individual items within a spending bill not just the bill in its entirety
What is the line-item veto?
Clinton v. City of New York (1998)
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the line-item veto is unconstitutional because it gave powers to the President denied to him by the U.S. Constitution
States that the President is " Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States.
What does Article II state?
War Powers Act
Limits the President's authority to introduce American troops into hostile foreign lands without congressional approval