No presidential term limits until what year
1951
Concerns of Founders about the presidency
Strong President (Monarchy)
Weak President (Tool of Congress)
Compromise of Presidential Election
Congress elects vs People elect directly
...
Compromise: The electoral college
Impact of large and small states in election
Large states are more influential
...but...
small states protected with 3 electoral votes
Small states are very important if
election is thrown to house of representatives
Who set two term precedent
Washington chose not to run for a third term
Until when did the two term precedent follow
Until FDR
What amendment established two term limit and when was this amendment passed
1951: 22nd Amendment
First Presidents and years in office are
Washington - Monroe (1789 - 1825)
What happened against Washington's advice
Formation of political parties
What prevailed in making presidential appointment
Rule of fitness
Presidency kept "modest" meant what
congress was given leadership position
Andrew Jackson used what to move away from "rule of fitness
the "spoils system
Andrew Jackson did what more than all of his predecessors combined
Vetoes 12 acts of congress
Andrew Jackson ignored what supreme court order
The supreme court order regarding Indian Removal
Congress did what after Andrew Jacksons 2nd term
Quickly reestablished its power
President was seen as what after Andrew Jackson's terms
As an opposing, negative force to congress
What were the brief flashes of presidential power
Lincoln, Teddy Roosevelt, Wilson
Unlike today, it took what for a president to become the central figure in government
A strong personality (like Jackson) or a crisis (like the civil war)
The Great Depression led to what increased presidential power
FDR's New Deal
WWII did what for FDR
Continued his power
Cold War did what
continued presidential initiative and power
What did congress do in the 1970s
Reasserted itself
Reagan did what for the presidency
Restored power and prestige of the presidency
How did Bush 43 strengthen presidential authority
With the War Powers and Patriot Acts
Throughout the 20th century (1900s) power of president has grown or weakened?
GROWN considerably
Define Unity of Office
Office held by 1 man, not 535 members of congress
Strong presidential personalities have great or low impact?
GREAT impact
In highly industrial and technologically developed society, people demand what? What branch has grown to meet these demands?
that federal government play a larger role in areas of public concern. Executive branch has grown to meet these demands.
Congress often writes what into their legislation and lets executive agencies do what to it?
Congress often writes broadly worded legislation and lets executive agencies to fill in the holes
When does congress loan to presidential demands
In times of economic or foreign crisis.
When the president can proclaim a mandate from people after a large electoral victory, congress often does what?
Loans to the president
Define Electronic Throne
Media casts president into public eye (through use of special addresses, press conferences, sound bites, staged events, etc.)
When did the U.S. emerge as the great hyperpower
After WWII
What places the U.S. in non-stop crisis
The Cold War (Also, the president gains power because of dealing with forign affairs)
Describe "Move it or Lose it
president should do things early in their presidency when their popularity is at its highest
Describe "Avoid Details
Dont try to do too much. Concentrate on a few top priorities.
Describe "Cabinets don't get much done, people do
Place more trust in immediate white house staff to accomplish tasks instead of cabinet secrateries who have divided loyalties
The OFFICIAL qualifications to be president are (theres 3)
Natural Born Citizen
35 years old
Resident for 14 years
Unofficial qualifications to be president
White, Christian, Male, Married
Term of office is how long
4 years
It's possible to serve up to how many years and how
just under 10 years if VP takes over and serves less than half of a president's term. He can then be reelected twice
President's salary is set by who
Congress
In 2001, salary was changed from what to what
Salary was raised from 200,000 to 400,000
When can a salary not be raised or lowered
During a term of office
What is the president's retirement situation
200,000 a year for life
Other ways presidents make money after they retire?
Speaking fees (money for speeches)
Writing memoirs
If a president dies, resigns, or is impeached and removed, then who takes over
Vice-President. He then nominates a new VP and Congress confirms
What puts the line of succession in place if the president is unable to serve
The Presidential Succession Act of 1947
If president is disabled, what amendment applies
25th amendment: President informs congress, VP becomes acting president(temporary), then to regain power the president must inform congress of intent to return and congress then must vote to return him
The 6 roles of president are
Chief Legislator
Chief Executive
Commander in Chief
Chief Diplomat
Chief of State
Chief Jurist
As Chief Legislator, president does what, and how can congress check those powers.
He:
-proposes legislation
-vetoes legislation (lacks a line item veto... he cant pick and chose what parts of a bill gets passed)
-calls special sessions of congress
-makes the state of the union address to congress.
Congress checks these powers by:
-Not
As Chief Executive, president does what, and how can congress check those powers.
-Enforces laws, treaties, and court decisions
-Appoints officials to office and can fire them
-Issues executive orders
Checks:
-Congress passes laws and has power of the purse
-Senate can reject appointments and treaties
-Impeachment by House and Removal
As Chief Diplomat, president does what, and how can congress check those powers.
-Sets overall foreign policy
-Appoints and recieves ambassadors
-Negotiates treaties and executive agreements
-Gives diplomatic recognition to foriegn governments
Checks:
-Congress approves funds for foreign affairs
-Senate can reject ambassadors and trea
As Commander in Chief, president does what, and how can congress check those powers.
-Head of the armed forces
-Makes final decisions on military strikes and strategies
Checks:
-Congress appropriates funds for the military
-Congress declares war
As Chief of State, president does what
-Ceremonial head of our country (bestows medal of honor, visits areas struck by natural disaster)
As Chief Jurist, president does what, and how can congress check those powers.
-Appoints federal judges
-Issues pardons and amnesty
Checks:
-Senate can reject judicial appointments
-Senate can place "holds" on appointments
-Senate can filibuster nominations