without competing in a single state primary
When Hubert Humphrey won the Democratic nomination for the presidency in 1968, he did so
media-related activities
Most of the money that individual candidate spend during the course of a campaign is directed toward
voters' fears
A study of political ads broadcast from 1999 to 2004 found that the largest number emphasized
previously worked directly against him, and for his opponents
In 2006, John McCain's choice of campaign political consultants was somewhat unusual because they
working for General Electric
Ronald Reagan made a dozen speeches a day to audiences all over the country while
every ten years
The Constitution calls for reapportionment
more liberal if Democratic, more conservative if Republican
To win the presidential nomination as opposed to the general election, candidates generally present themselves as
Iowa
The first real test of a candidate vying for the nomination comes in
position
A ____ issue is one in which the rival candidates have opposing views on a question that also divides the voters.
position
In the 2008 election, John McCain wanted to let people put some of their Social Security money into private savings accounts; Barack Obama opposed this. This is an example of a ____ issue.
Representatives must be twenty years of age
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Congress
Disputed congressional elections are decided by
related to the legislative process
Members of the House and Senate can say or write anything they like, without fear of being sued or prosecuted, so long as what they say is
greater in primary elections than in general elections
The impact of television advertising is probably
Kennedy was less well known than Nixon
It was somewhat unusual for Richard Nixon to agree to debate John Kennedy in 1960 because
the risk of verbal slips
The drawback to candidates of television visuals and debates is
a repetitive phrase used by a presidential candidate throughout a campaign
The acronym BOMFOG refers to
selling an image rather than their ideas
One effect of candidates' fear of a slip during campaigning is that, increasingly, candidates are
private sources only
Funding of congressional elections comes from
the Watergate scandal
The campaign finance law created in the 1970's was the direct by product of
individuals
Most of the money for congressional candidates comes from
political parties
Soft money is money that is obtained by
80
History suggests that ____ percent of the presidential vote will go to the candidates of the two main parties.
every presidential race in the past thirty years
Self-described strong Republicans have voted in greater proportion than strong Democrats in
prospective
The text suggests that political junkies are more likely to engage in ____ voting.
desire of voters to discern candidate character
Several factors have contributed to the emphasis on themes over details in recent elections. One of these factors is the
elections that effect major policy changes
Great Britain's parliamentary system seems to produce at relatively regular intervals
1980
The election of ____ brought about a significant reduction in taxes, spending, and regulatory practices.
72
One study of some fourteen hundred promises made in political parties' platforms between 1944 and 1964 found that about ____ percent of those promises were kept.
They do no provide the winner with a clear mandate
Which of the following statements is true about most presidential elections?