Alkane
the backbone CH3 bits
Alkyl chain
bunch of lines- (-R)
Aryl
Aromatic, a ring of carbons- (-Ar)
Substituents
Last two are substituents used to classify carbon and nitrogen as primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary depending on the number of substituents
Alkene
two double-bonded carbons only connected to other carbons or implicit hydrogens
Alkyne
two triple bonded carbons only connected to other carbons or implicit hydrogens
Amine
a nitrogen with an alkyl (-R) or aryl (-Ar) group or implicit hydrogens
Ether
Oxygen between 2 alkyl (-R) or aryl (-Ar) groups
Epoxide
an oxygen connected to two carbons which are connected to each other
Alcohol
O and H connected to each other, and through the oxygen to an alkyl (-R) or aryl (-Ar) group
Halide
alkyl (-R) or aryl (-Ar) with fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, (non-hydrogen halide)
Ketone
Carbon double bonded with oxygen with the carbon connected to two alkyl (-R) or aryl (-Ar) groups
Aldehyde
Carbon double bonded with oxygen with he carbon connected a hydrogen and an alkyl (-R) or aryl (-Ar) group
Carboxylic Acid
Carbon double bond with 1 OH and 1 alkyl (-R) or aryl (-Ar) group
Ester
Carbon double bonded with oxygen with he carbon being connected to another oxygen connected to an alkyl (-R) or aryl (-Ar) group and another alkyl (-R) or aryl (-Ar) group
Amide
Carbon double bonded with oxygen with the carbon being connected to a secondary nitrogen and an alkyl (-R) or aryl (-Ar) group
Acid Halide
Carbon doubled bonded with oxygen with the carbon being connected to a Halide and an alkyl (-R) or aryl (-Ar) group
Nitrile
alkyl (-R) or aryl (-Ar) connected to a carbon and nitrogen triple bond