psychoanalysis
broad term that encompasses the psychological views and the psychotherapeutic methods attributed to Sigmund Freud and his followers
unconscious
psychological activities not open to direct rational scrutiny but that influence individual experience and behavior
ego
in psychoanalysis, the component of the psyche that is guided by the reality principle and makes compromises between the id and the environment
pleasure principle
a demand that an instinctual need be immediately gratified
reality principle
the realization of the demands of the environment (which is, mostly, the social world) and the adjustment of behavior to these demands
libido
in psychoanalysis, energy of the sexual drive or an erotic desire common in women and men
eros
in psychoanalysis, all the tendencies that strive toward the integration of a living substance
death wish (death instinct; death drive)
the repressed instinctual tendency that leads towards destruction
thanatos
death" in ancient greek; According to Freud, striving for destruction, humiliation, pain, and death
id
in psychoanalysis, component of the psyche that contains inborn biological drives (the death wish and the life instinct); seeks immediate gratification of its impulses
superego
in psychoanalysis, the moral guide that passes on imperatives regarding appropriate or inappropriate actions and thoughts
analysand
person undergoing psychoanalysis; psychoanalyst's patient/client
organ inferiority
in Adler's view, refers to a wide range of physical problems that become psychological impediments
compensation
in Adler's vocabulary, attempts to overcome the discomfort and negative experiences caused by a person's feelings of inferiority
genius
in Adler's vocabulary, the type of individual who overcomes the old inferiority problems and achieves success and happiness
striving towards superiority
in Adler's view, an individual's vigorous exertion or effect to achieve security, improvement, control, and conquest
social interest
in Adler's view, the desire to be connected with other people and to adapt positively to the perceived social environment
style of life
in alder's view, a technique for dealing with one's inadequacies and inferiorities and for gaining social status
analytical psychology
Jung called his view this in order to distinguish them from Freud's
collective unconscious
in Jung's theory, an impersonal layer in the human psyche that is different from the individual unconscious, as well as inherited and shared with other members of the species
archetypes
according to Jung, the content of the collective unconscious that consist of images of the primordial (elemental, ancient) character; these manifest in 3 universal ways: dreams, fantasies, and delusions
extroversion
In Eysenck's system, this is characterized by talkativeness, positive emotions, and the need to seek external sources of stimulation
introversion
In Jung's view, this happens when a person attaches his or her psychological energy back to self
individualism
in Jung's view, the process of fulfilling an individual's potential by integrating opposites into a harmonious while and by getting away from the aimlessness of life (a condition most of his patients were suffering from)
transpersonal psychology
a theoretical and applied field that focuses on spiritual and transcendent states of consciousness
psychobiography
the genre of historical and biography based on psychoanalysis