Victorian Era was an era of
rapid change; struggled to define itself because of change and disunity
Charles Dickens novels depicted
the struggles of the working class
Railroads allowed people to be
mobile and increased awareness of the world
Photography allowed people to
gain proof of other cultures
Reform Bills of 1832 and 1867
male suffrage for the working class
What did women gain in 1870
right to own property
The era caused a lot of doubt about what and why?
religion because there were different ways to explain reality
Sigmund Freud began
Psychoanalysis
Charles Darwin began
Evolution theory
Karl Marx began
Marxism
Matthew Arnold's "Dover Beach" expresses
disillusionment of falling away from faith
You could describe the United Kingdom during the Victorian Period as
wealthy and energetic, a mess, stuffy and rigid
Dramatic monologue
a poem in which a fictional or historical character speaks within a fictional or historical contex
Negative Capability
the ability to step outside one's own view to be comfortable with uncertainty and doubt, and to suspend powers of judgement to receive inspiration passively
Example of an Author who uses Negative Capability
Shakespeare
Enjambment
end rhyme falls within the middle of a phrase, or sentence so that the rhyme doesn't call attention to itself
Who is the duke talking to in My Last Duchess
the matchmaker who represents the duke and his daughter
What brought a spot of joy to the former wife's face
the compliments of the painter
What is the complaint about the wife's heart
she is too easily impressed
What are some things she appreciated as much as the 900 year old name
cherries branches, sunsets, white mule
Why didn't the Duke confront his wife
He does not want to stoop and he doesn't believe he has the speech to tell her
What sort of woman is the former wife in My Last Duchess
She is happy but somewhat of an airhead
What does it mean when the duke gave commands and all smiles stopped
He killed his wife
What does the duke say about the dowry
The father of the new bride will give him a lot if he asks for a lot
How is the word "object" a pun in My Last Duchess
The daughter is a goal but also an object to be won
In what sense are the final 3 lines a warning in My Last Duchess
If he can't tame his new wife like Neptune tamed the seahorse he will kill her
How does My Last Duchess reflect Romanticism
polarization of aristocracy, valuing spontaneity, heart over head, elevation of the individual, covering real topics, sympathy to the lower class (wife is nice to the worker who brought her the cherry blossoms)
Critics say that Browning meant the reader to have ambivalent feelings towards the duke. In what sense is this true?
People respect the duke for his position but he is despicable
Where does the lady in Lady of Shalott live?
Shallot (and island that is beautiful and isolated)
How much contact does the Lady of Shalott have with people
none; people have heard of her but never seen her
Why can't the lady look down at Camelot
There's a curse (that was whispered to her) and if she looks on Camelot she will die
What is the Lady working on continuously
weaving the reflection in the mirror
What does the lady of Shalott realize she doesn't have
someone to love her
What imagery describes Lancelot
he is a fireball (meteor)
What two odd things happen when the lady turns to face Camelot
The mirror cracks and her art becomes untangled in the air
What does the lady do at the boat before lying down in it
She writes her name on the side of the boat
What are the reactions of the people who see the lady flow into town
Fear
What does Lancelot think when he sees the Lady of Shalott
She is pretty; he gives little thought and moves on
Is there a lesson to this poem
No its a pointless poem (sad and beautiful) and negative capability
3 Distinct ways we judge literature according to Kant
1. the pleasurable (entertainment value)
2. the good (the message/lesson)
3. the aesthetic (the beauty)
Aesthetic Movement believed
Literature can just be beautiful and not have a meaning
What was the light on the French Coast
lighthouse
What does the speaker in Dover Beach hear outside the window
the sound of the ocean waves, and pebbles being thrown
What emotion does the speaker feel as he hears the ocean waves and pebbles
sadness
What does the ocean waves and pebbles remind Sophocles of
human misery
What happened to the Sea of Faith
the sea is no longer surrounding the earth;s shore but is retreating and showing the ocean floor
What is the speaker saying about Christianity through the retreating sea
Christianity is no longer as assertive and there are less believers
What does the speaker in Dover Beach as the girl about their relatinship
to be true to one another
As the speaker in Dover Beach looks out the window what does the world seen like it is a land of
land of dreams
List 6 things that the world no longer has
joy, love, light, certitude (certainity), peace, help for pain
The speaker in Dover Beach compares the world's situation without Christianity to a plain at night. What is happening to the plain
It is in a state of panic because there is fighting everywhere
How is the world without Christianity like a battlefield at night
There is no authority so it is like fighting in the dark with everything and everyone
What 3 kenning are used in Hurrahing in Harvest to describe the clouds
silk-sack, win-walks, meal-drift
When to poet lifts up his eyes and heart to see the lovely day what does he glean
He gleans Jesus
What does the poet ask his eyes and heart
Have you ever seen a better greeting of love than the one God gives (apostrophe)
What is the landscape in Hurrahing in Harvest waiting for
beholder
When the poet's heart grows wings and hurls the earth out from under him what is he saying about his feeling
He feels so much love from God his his blown backwards by God's glory
What are all the things in the first stanza of pied beauty
they are dappled
What are two sound devices in pied beauty
Alliteration: gloried be to God
Rhyme: things, wings, cow, plow
What uniquely Anglo-Saxon device is in pied beauty
kennings: rose-moles, chestnut-falls
What does the poet in pied beauty mean by "whose beauty is past change
God is never changing but he creates a ever changing beauty
What is Hopkins celebreating in Pied beauty and who is he giving credit to
He is celebrating the oddly beautiful things in life and he is giving credit to God
What force does "charged" is "flamed out
Electrical force, it is exploding and expanding God's creation
What has blighted God's creation
Man has destroyed God's creation. We trade on God's world
Why can't man feel what they have done to the earth
They are wearing shoes
What are some of the deep down things in God's Grandeur
Seeds, bulbs
In the final metaphor of God's Grandeur what is the Holy Spirit doing
The earth is like a egg and the Holy Spirit is protecting it like a mother bird
Who wrote My Last Duchess
Robert Browning
Who wrote Lady Shalott
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Who wrote Dover Beach
Matthew Arnold
Who wrote Hurrahing in Harvest
Gerald Manley Hopkins
Who wrote Pied Beauty
Gerald Manley Hopkins
Who wrote God's Grandeur
Gerald Manley Hopkins