The process by which we use symbols, signs, and behaviors to exchange information
communication
Communication: process by which we use these 3 methods to exchange information
symbols, signs, behaviors
Communication is much more complex than "_______ _______
common sense
The ________ perspective examines how communication behaviors work or don't work to accomplish goals
functional
The interconnections, or interdependence between two or more people that function to achieve the same goal
relationships
Relationship ________ means that things we do affect others, and vice versa
interdependence
The 3 primary functions in communication
1. express affiliation
2. relationships
3. influence others
The feeling of connectedness you have with others
affiliation
The two ways affiliation can be expressed
verbally, nonverbally
The ability of one person, group, or organization to influence others and the way in which their interactions are conducted
control
Unlike affiliation, control is ______: the more control one person has, the less others tend to have
finite
Communication's 6 defining characteristics
symbolic, code is shared, culturally bound, intentionality, presence of channel, transactional
Communication relies on ________, arbitrary constructions related to people, things, or concepts to which they refer
symbols
Communication requires a shared _______, or set of symbols that creates a meaningful message
code
The process of producing and sending a message
encoding
The process of receiving a message and making sense of it
decoding
Communication is linked to ________, the shared beliefs, values, and practices of a group of people, and ________, smaller groups within this
culture, co-cultures
The shared beliefs, values, and practices of a group of people
culture
Smaller groups of people within a larger culture that are distinguished by certain features like race, religion, or age
co-cultures
Communication may be _______ or spontaneous
intentional
Communication may be intentional or _________
spontaneous
Communication requires a ________, the method through which it occurs
channel
Communication is a _________ process: you influence others while they influence you
transactional
Because communication is transactional, once a message is sent and received, it is _________ and can't be taken back
irreversible
Communication that is effective and appropriate for a given situation, in which the communicators evaluate ad reassess the process
competent communication
Competent communication is more ________ than outcome focused
process
Competent communication is more process than ________ focused
outcome
Communicators who strive to create mutually satisfying outcomes are the most _________
competent
The study of morals, specifically moral choices people make in their relationships
ethics
When is communication appropriate? (2)
1. meets the demands of the situation
2. meets the expectations of others
Involves knowing and using a number of different behaviors to achieve appropriate communication
behavioral flexibility
When is communication effective?
when it achieves desired goals
Behavioral abilities based on social understandings used to achieve a goal
communication skills
In this communication model, a sender originates a message, carried through a channel (possibly interfered by noise) to a receiver
linear model
What is the issue with the linear model?
no response from the receivers is included
This communication model expands on the linear model by including feedback between the sender and receiver
interaction model
A message from the receiver to the sender that illustrates how the receiver is responding
feedback
What is the issue with the interaction model
with no tone, messages could be misinterpreted
This communication model is a transactional model incorporating 3 contextual spheres in which people communicate
competent communication model
Communication occurs within these 3 spheres in the competent communication model
cultural, situational, and relational context
Thoughts communicators have about themselves
cognitions
Cognitions influence ______, which is observable communication, and how a message is interpreted
behavior
Observable communication
behavior
In what 2 ways do cognitions influence communication?
1. behavior
2. message interpretation
Most successful communicators have a high degree of _______ _______, meaning they consider multiple scenarios, formulate theories, and make interpretations
cognitive complexity
In _______ context, communication occurs within the context of a relationship and is influenced by the relational history
relational
The sum of the shared experiences of the individuals involved in the relationship
relational history
In _______ context, the circumstances surrounding communication influence it
situational
In _______ context, cultural identity and how individuals view themselves as members of a culture influence communication choices
cultural
Communication is vital: informed citizens become aware of the power of ______ ______
speaking out
Communication is vital: interactions and relationships occur between ________ and mass/mediated contexts
dyads
Groups, organizations, speakers, and audiences through which interactions and relationships occur
dyads