CE Comm: Ch. 1

The process by which we use symbols, signs, and behaviors to exchange information

communication

Communication: process by which we use these 3 methods to exchange information

symbols, signs, behaviors

Communication is much more complex than "_______ _______

common sense

The ________ perspective examines how communication behaviors work or don't work to accomplish goals

functional

The interconnections, or interdependence between two or more people that function to achieve the same goal

relationships

Relationship ________ means that things we do affect others, and vice versa

interdependence

The 3 primary functions in communication

1. express affiliation
2. relationships
3. influence others

The feeling of connectedness you have with others

affiliation

The two ways affiliation can be expressed

verbally, nonverbally

The ability of one person, group, or organization to influence others and the way in which their interactions are conducted

control

Unlike affiliation, control is ______: the more control one person has, the less others tend to have

finite

Communication's 6 defining characteristics

symbolic, code is shared, culturally bound, intentionality, presence of channel, transactional

Communication relies on ________, arbitrary constructions related to people, things, or concepts to which they refer

symbols

Communication requires a shared _______, or set of symbols that creates a meaningful message

code

The process of producing and sending a message

encoding

The process of receiving a message and making sense of it

decoding

Communication is linked to ________, the shared beliefs, values, and practices of a group of people, and ________, smaller groups within this

culture, co-cultures

The shared beliefs, values, and practices of a group of people

culture

Smaller groups of people within a larger culture that are distinguished by certain features like race, religion, or age

co-cultures

Communication may be _______ or spontaneous

intentional

Communication may be intentional or _________

spontaneous

Communication requires a ________, the method through which it occurs

channel

Communication is a _________ process: you influence others while they influence you

transactional

Because communication is transactional, once a message is sent and received, it is _________ and can't be taken back

irreversible

Communication that is effective and appropriate for a given situation, in which the communicators evaluate ad reassess the process

competent communication

Competent communication is more ________ than outcome focused

process

Competent communication is more process than ________ focused

outcome

Communicators who strive to create mutually satisfying outcomes are the most _________

competent

The study of morals, specifically moral choices people make in their relationships

ethics

When is communication appropriate? (2)

1. meets the demands of the situation
2. meets the expectations of others

Involves knowing and using a number of different behaviors to achieve appropriate communication

behavioral flexibility

When is communication effective?

when it achieves desired goals

Behavioral abilities based on social understandings used to achieve a goal

communication skills

In this communication model, a sender originates a message, carried through a channel (possibly interfered by noise) to a receiver

linear model

What is the issue with the linear model?

no response from the receivers is included

This communication model expands on the linear model by including feedback between the sender and receiver

interaction model

A message from the receiver to the sender that illustrates how the receiver is responding

feedback

What is the issue with the interaction model

with no tone, messages could be misinterpreted

This communication model is a transactional model incorporating 3 contextual spheres in which people communicate

competent communication model

Communication occurs within these 3 spheres in the competent communication model

cultural, situational, and relational context

Thoughts communicators have about themselves

cognitions

Cognitions influence ______, which is observable communication, and how a message is interpreted

behavior

Observable communication

behavior

In what 2 ways do cognitions influence communication?

1. behavior
2. message interpretation

Most successful communicators have a high degree of _______ _______, meaning they consider multiple scenarios, formulate theories, and make interpretations

cognitive complexity

In _______ context, communication occurs within the context of a relationship and is influenced by the relational history

relational

The sum of the shared experiences of the individuals involved in the relationship

relational history

In _______ context, the circumstances surrounding communication influence it

situational

In _______ context, cultural identity and how individuals view themselves as members of a culture influence communication choices

cultural

Communication is vital: informed citizens become aware of the power of ______ ______

speaking out

Communication is vital: interactions and relationships occur between ________ and mass/mediated contexts

dyads

Groups, organizations, speakers, and audiences through which interactions and relationships occur

dyads