Flaccid dysarthria Perceptual Speech Characteristics:
breathiness
diplophonia (2 pitches)
audible inspiration (stridor)
nasal emission/ hypernasality
short phrases
rapid deterioration
imprecise alternating motion rates (AMRs)
Spastic dysarthria Perceptual Speech Characteristics:
slow rate
strained/ harsh voice
pitch breaks
slow and regular AMRs
Ataxic dysarthria Perceptual Speech Characteristics:
irregular articulatory breakdowns
excess and equal stress
distorted vowels
excessive loudness variation
irregular AMRs
Hypokinetic dysarthria Perceptual Speech Characteristics:
monopitch
monoloudness
reduced loudness and stress
tendency for rapid or accelerated rate
inappropriate silences
rapidly repeated phonemes
palilalia
rapid, "blurred" AMRs
Hyperkinetic dysarthria Perceptual Speech Characteristics:
prolonged intervals
sudden forced inspiration/expiration
transient breathiness
transient vocal strain or harshness
voice stoppages/arrests
voice tremor
myoclonic vowel prolongation
intermittent hypernasality
marked deterioration with increased rate
inappr
Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron dysarthria Perceptual Speech Characteristics:
slow rate
imprecise articulation
irregular articulatory breakdowns
strained voice quality
reduced loudness
Disorders causing UMN AND LMN speech disorders
Stokes
ALS
CP
Tumor
Trauma
MS
Bells Palsy can cause what kind of motor neuron damage?
LMN
Wilson's disease can cause what kind of motor neuron damage?
UMN
Myasthenia Gravis can cause what kind of motor neuron damage?
LMN
Guillain-Barr� Syndrome can cause what kind of motor neuron damage?
LMN
Spastic dysarthria can be a result from:
Stroke, CP, tumor/trauma, MS, encephalitis
Flaccid dysarthria can be a result from:
Stroke, CP, tumor, trauma, Bell's palsy, Myasthenia
Gravis, Guillain-Barr� Syndrome
Mixed spastic-flaccid dysarthria can be a result from:
Stroke, trauma, ALS
Mixed spastic-ataxic-hypokinetic can be a result from:
Wilson's disease
Variable (spastic-ataxic-flaccid) dysarthria can be a result from:
MS
If UMNs are damaged, you get ______ as well as _______________
1. spasticity (spastic dysarthria)
2. not being able to initiate skilled motor movements
Spasticity is
Increased muscle tone.
- Babinski sign = UMN damage (stroking the foot)
- Reflexes are exaggerated.
If LMNs are damaged, you end up with _____________
flaccid paralysis
Flaccidity is:
Decreased muscle tone.
- Atrophy of muscles.
- Reflexes are diminished or absent.