Flaccid dysarthria Perceptual Speech Characteristics:

breathiness
diplophonia (2 pitches)
audible inspiration (stridor)
nasal emission/ hypernasality
short phrases
rapid deterioration
imprecise alternating motion rates (AMRs)

Spastic dysarthria Perceptual Speech Characteristics:

slow rate
strained/ harsh voice
pitch breaks
slow and regular AMRs

Ataxic dysarthria Perceptual Speech Characteristics:

irregular articulatory breakdowns
excess and equal stress
distorted vowels
excessive loudness variation
irregular AMRs

Hypokinetic dysarthria Perceptual Speech Characteristics:

monopitch
monoloudness
reduced loudness and stress
tendency for rapid or accelerated rate
inappropriate silences
rapidly repeated phonemes
palilalia
rapid, "blurred" AMRs

Hyperkinetic dysarthria Perceptual Speech Characteristics:

prolonged intervals
sudden forced inspiration/expiration
transient breathiness
transient vocal strain or harshness
voice stoppages/arrests
voice tremor
myoclonic vowel prolongation
intermittent hypernasality
marked deterioration with increased rate
inappr

Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron dysarthria Perceptual Speech Characteristics:

slow rate
imprecise articulation
irregular articulatory breakdowns
strained voice quality
reduced loudness

Disorders causing UMN AND LMN speech disorders

Stokes
ALS
CP
Tumor
Trauma
MS

Bells Palsy can cause what kind of motor neuron damage?

LMN

Wilson's disease can cause what kind of motor neuron damage?

UMN

Myasthenia Gravis can cause what kind of motor neuron damage?

LMN

Guillain-Barr� Syndrome can cause what kind of motor neuron damage?

LMN

Spastic dysarthria can be a result from:

Stroke, CP, tumor/trauma, MS, encephalitis

Flaccid dysarthria can be a result from:

Stroke, CP, tumor, trauma, Bell's palsy, Myasthenia
Gravis, Guillain-Barr� Syndrome

Mixed spastic-flaccid dysarthria can be a result from:

Stroke, trauma, ALS

Mixed spastic-ataxic-hypokinetic can be a result from:

Wilson's disease

Variable (spastic-ataxic-flaccid) dysarthria can be a result from:

MS

If UMNs are damaged, you get ______ as well as _______________

1. spasticity (spastic dysarthria)
2. not being able to initiate skilled motor movements

Spasticity is

Increased muscle tone.
- Babinski sign = UMN damage (stroking the foot)
- Reflexes are exaggerated.

If LMNs are damaged, you end up with _____________

flaccid paralysis

Flaccidity is:

Decreased muscle tone.
- Atrophy of muscles.
- Reflexes are diminished or absent.