Adaptation
a trait or characteristic that helps an organism survive
Example: horse's flat teeth, tiger's sharp teeth, eagle's large beak vs finch's small beak, hare's small ears vs jackrabbit's large ears
Behavior
the way an organism usually acts in a certain situation (learned behavior vs instinct)
Examples: INSTINCT (animal looks for food when it's hungry) vs LEARNED BEHAVIOR (learning how to find food)
Camouflage
the coloring, marking, or other physical appearance of an organism that helps it blend in with its surroundings.
Germination
when a seed breaks open and a small plant grows out of it
Life cycle
the stages an organism or living thing goes through during its life
Metamorphosis
a phase in the life cycle of any animals during which they undergo major changes in body form
Examples: ladybug, butterfly
Pollination
the transfer of pollen from the male structures to the female structures of seed plants
Instinct
An inherited behavior that an animal knows without learning it
Examples: hibernation, sea turtle hatch and walk toward the ocean, searching for food, spider knows how to spin a web, birds sing
Butterfly lifecycle
1. egg 2. larva 3. Pupa 4. adult
Learned behavior
behaviors that come from watching other animals or through experience
Examples: chimp uses a tool, knowing how to find and catch food, bears wait for fish to swim upstream to catch it, ants building anthill, birds build nests
Plant life cycle
1. Seed 2. Seedling 3. Adult plant 4. Fruit
variable
The one thing that changes in an experiment.
flower
The part of some plants that enable them to reproduce
reproduce
Make more similar to themselves
cones
Parts of some seed plants where reproduction occurs
pollen
powder-like material involved in plant reproduction
spores
reproduction structures that grow into new plants
Example: ferns have spores, mosses
fronds
leaves on ferns where spores form
seedling
small plant that forms after a seed germinates
Frog life cycle
1. egg 2. tadpole 3. legs 4. lungs and legs develop, tail disappears 5. adult frog
Incomplete metamorphosis
After hatching these insects look very much like adult insects
Examples: grasshoppers, dragonflies
diversity
different characteristics
Ladybug life cycle
1. egg 2. larva 3. pupa 4. adult ladybug
prey
animals that ARE HUNTED FOR FOOD
predator
animals that HUNT PREY
defense adaptation
adaptation that helps animals defend themselves without fighting (attach predators sense of sight, taste, touch, or hearing)
Examples: porcupine has quills, skunk has bad odor, caterpillars eat milkweed (makes them taste bad to birds), frilled lizard hiss
mimicry
imitating the look of another animal so predators don't know which animal is harmful
Examples: viceroy butterfly vs monarch butterfly (makes birds sick)
Plant adaptations
1. desert plants hold moisture
2. blackberries taste bitter until they are ripe
3. stones plants blend into rocks
4. pitcher plants hold water and trap insects (sides are slippery)
hibernate
go into a deep, sleeplike state that helps animals survive the cold winters (instinct)
1. normal body activities slow down
2. heart rate beats slowly
3. breathing almost stops
migrate
when animals move a long distance as a group from one region to another and back
Examples: whales swim to warm place to mate-different spot to give birth - back to were to find food; birds fly south for the winter
-path is learned but knowing WHEN to migr