Ms. LeBaron's A&P Skeletal 2

4 functions of the skeletal system

support, protection, movement, storage

Hemopoesis

the act of making blood cells

Red marrow

where blood cells are made

Yellow marrow

fat and lipid storage

Periosteum

membrane covering bone

Endosteum

membrane lining bone

Medullary Cavity

marrow cavity in long bones

Compact Bone

hard outer layer of bone

Cancellous Bone

spongy bone (red marrow is here)

Long Bones

longer than wide, articulation on each end (Ex: femur)

Short Bones

approximately as tall as wide (Ex: carpals)

Irregular Bones

irregular in shape (Ex: vertebrae)

Flat Bones

Flat, smooth areas (Ex: scapula, ribs, frontal bone)

4 curves of the spine

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

Age at which the sacrum begins to fuse

16-18 years

Age at which the sacrum is fully fused

25-30 years

Sesamoid Bones

bones formed within tendon to protect a joint (Ex: patella)

Number of cervical vertebrae

7

Number of thoracic vertebrae

12

Number of lumbar vertebrae

5

Number of vertebrae that fuse into the sacrum

5

Bones of the vertebral column

vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx

Number of vertebrae in adults

24

Spinal curves present at birth

thoracic and sacral

Fontanelle

soft spots on babies' heads where skull isn't yet fused

What is T-3?

third thoracic vertebrae

What is L-4?

Fourth lumbar vertebrae

What are C-1 and C-2 called?

the atlas and axis

Costal bones

ribs

How many ribs do we have?

24

How many PAIRS of ribs do we have?

12

Which ribs are called the "true ribs"?

the first seven pairs of ribs

What are the very bottom ribs called?

the floating ribs

Ribs are joined to the sternum by...

costal cartilage

head of the sternum

manubrium

inferior tip of the sternum

xiphoid process

Rib Cage

thoracic cage

Ribs protect ...

the thoracic cavity

Thoracic Cavity holds...

heart and lungs

What mineral do we "bank" in bones?

calcium