ventilation
The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs
intrinsic factors affecting ventilation
infections
allergic reactions
unresponsiveness
extrinsic factors affecting ventilation
trauma
foreign body airway obstruction
external respiration
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
internal respiration
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulatory system and cells
intrinsic factors affecting respiration
pneumonia
pulmonary edema
COPD/emphysema
extrinsic factors affecting respiration
atmospheric pressure
partial pressure of oxygen
adult patient suctioning
no more than 15 seconds
child patient suctioning
no more than 10 seconds
infant patient suctioning
no more than 5 seconds
oropharyngeal airway indications
unresponsive patient with no gag reflex
oropharyngeal airway contraindications
conscious patients
any patient who has an intact gag reflex
nasopharyngeal airway indications
semi-conscious patient w an intact gag reflex
patients who wont tolerate oropharyngeal airway
nasopharyngeal airway contraindications
severe head injury with blood in the nose
history of a fractured nasal bone
oxygen toxicity
administer minimum amount necessary to maintain oxygen saturation at or above 94%
nonrebreather mask
high flow oxygen
make sure reservoir bag is full before placing it on the patient
remove mask when done
nasal cannulas
low flow oxygen
positive pressure ventilation
keeps airways open but decreases blood pumped by the heart
air forced into the stomach
passive ventilation
bring in ambient air
benefits patient receiving chest compressions
CPAP indications
patient is alert and able to follow commands
patient shows obvious symptoms of moderate to severe respiratory distress
patient is breathing rapidly
pulse ox is less than 90%
CPAP contraindications
patient is in respiratory arrest
S/S of pneumothorax or chest trauma
patient has a trach
active GI bleed or vomiting
patient unable to follow verbal commands