Dna is the chemical that what is composed?
Genes
What are found in all living organisms?
Dna
What are the molecules which make up dna?
Deoxyribose
Phosphoric acid
Nitrogen bases
How many nitrogen bases are in DNA?
Four
What are the 4 bases in DNA?
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
Name the two molecules which alternate to form the upright or side portion of a DNA molecule
Deoxyribose
Phosphoric acid
Name the specific molecule in which each base is attached
Deoxyribose
Name the molecules or parts of the nucleotide that form the half rings of the ladder
Cytosine
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Name the molecular combinations or pairs in dna
CG (cytosine and guanine)
AT (adenine and thymine)
An entire chromosome of DNA has how many rungs?
Thousands
Do the two new molecules contain the same number of rungs?
Yes
Is the order from top to bottom of base pairs different or the same for each new DNA molecule?
Same
Are the two DNA molecules exact copies of each other?
Yes
RNA form what?
Nucleotides
What leaves the nucleus of the cell and carries to the ribosomes the DNA message of base sequences?
RNA
What is a codon?
A set of three bases
mRNA directs the building of what?
Proteins
tRNA picks up what?
Amino acids
What is hemoglobin?
Protein in the red blood cells
What is the disease called that people have if the arrangement amino acids is incorrect?
Sickle cell anemia
Sickle cell anemia as result can't do what?
Transport oxygen efficiently
Nucleotides do what?
Carries the genetic information of an organism
What is replication?
Produces a new copy of an organisms genetic information to pass on to a new cell
How many amino acids are there?
20
How many nitrogen bases are there?
4
For any one codon there can only be one what?
Amino acid
The genetic code is said to be universal because why?
A codon represents the same amino acids in all organisms
What are stop codons?
ATT, ACT, ATC
How many strands of nucleotides are in DNA?
2
How many strands of nucleotides are in RNA?
1
What sugars are in DNA?
Deoxyribose
What sugars are in RNA?
Ribose
What are nitrogen bases for RNA?
AGCU
RNA is made in what part of the cell?
Cytoplasm
DNA is found where?
Nucleus
Transcription is what?
The process of making RNA from DNA
Transcription is similar to what process in DNA?
Replication
What are peptide bonds?
Permanently holds the amino acids in place
What is the ratio needed for proteins to be able to make more proteins?
75:1
What are the 2 types of enzymes?
Regulatory and structural
Leftover DNA is used to do what?
Regulate genes