virus
A tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell.
host
An organism on which a parasite lives.
parasite
An organism that lives on or in a host and causes harm to the host.
vaccine
A substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens and introduced into a body to produce immunity.
bacteria
A single-celled organism with no nucleus; structured as either rod-shaped, sphere-shaped, or spiral-shaped
cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
ribosome
A cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis.
flagellum
A long, whiplike structure that helps a cell to move
cellular respiration
Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
binary fission
A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells.
conjugation
In bacteria, the direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined.
endospore
small, rounded, thick-walled resting cells that forms inside a bacterial cell, can survive extreme environments, easily travel, sometimes by breezes. cell breaks out only once suitable environment is found.
pasteurization
A process of heating food to a temperature that is high enough to kill most harmful bacteria without changing the taste of the food
decomposer
An organism that breaks down the remains of dead plants and animals into simpler substances.
protist
Kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi
protozoan
Animal-like protist
pseudopod
A temporary, foot-like extension of a cell, used for locomotion or engulfing food
contractile vacuole
saclike organelles that expand to collect excess water and contract to squeeze the water out of the cell
cilia
Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion
algae
A plantlike protist.
pigment
A colored chemical compound that absorbs light, producing color
spore
A tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism
fungus
A multicelled microorganism that differs from a bacterium in that it has a more complex structure; includes yeast and molds. Some can live inside the body and cause infection
hyphae
Long filament of cells that makes up the body of fungus.
fruiting body
The reproductive structure of a fungus that produces spores
budding
Asexual reproduction in which a part of the parent organism pinches off and forms a new organism
lichen
An organism made of a fungus and either algae or autotrophic bacteria that live together in a mutualistic relationship.
sarcodines
protozoan that uses a pseudopod to move (amoeba)
malaria
protozoan disease transmitted by mosquitos
hiker's disease
intestinal disease due to drinking water containing flagellate protozoans
ciliates
protozoans that move using cilia (paramecium)
dinoflagellates
algae that have the ability to glow in the dark
euglenoids
fresh water algae that move using a flagellum
diatoms
algae with glasslike cell walls that are used in some products such as toothpaste
red algae
deep water "seaweed" that can be eaten or used in products like conditioner
brown algae
algae that can be many colors and is used as a food source in parts of the world
athlete's foot
fungal disease caused by damp conditions on a person's feet leading to cracking and burning
ring worm
fungal disease that shows up as a circular rash on the skin
yogurt, cheese, pickles, etc.
food products made with bacterial help
Anton von Leeuwenhoek
Dutch merchant that first observed bacteria from scrapings of teeth
Alexander Fleming
Scottish scientist that discovered penicillin (antibiotics)
spira
spiral shaped bacteria
coccus
spherical shaped bacteria
bacillus
rod shaped bacteria
antibiotics
chemicals or medications used to kill bacteria