The three bases on the tRNA molecule that are complementary to one of the mRNA codons are called the ___
Anticodon
According to Chargaff's rules, which nucleotide is always paired with adenine in a DNA molecule
Thymine
Ribosomes are made out of ____
Proteins and rRNA
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, ___
Each with one new strand and one original strand
Which types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis
tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA
Where in the cell does transcription take place
In the nucleus
Where in the cell does translation take place
On ribosomes in the cytoplasm
DNA wraps around his times to form bead-like structures called
Nucleosomes
How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids
Three
What did the Hershey-Chase blender experiment help prove
The genetic material is made of DNA
Many DNA molecules contain sequences called____ that are not involved in coding for proteins and are edited out of the complementary RNA molecule copy before it is used
Introns
The molecule that cause transformation in Grffith's pneumonia/mouse experiment was ___
DNA
Nitrogen bases with only one ring are called
Pyrimdines
The place where RNA polymerase binds to start transcribing a gene is called ___
Prometer
Making a complementary RNA sequence from a DNA code (DNA to RNA)
Transcription
Making a DNA copy of a DNA sequence (DNA to DNA)
Replication
Making proteins from an RNA message (RNA to proteins)
Translation
Carries the DNA code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
mRNA
Made by the nucleolus
rRNA
Adds the correct amino acid to the growing protein chain
rRNA
Combines with proteins to form ribosomes
rRNA
Has a codon region
mRNA
Has an anticodon region
tRNA
Made in the nucleus
mRNA
DNA is ____
Double stranded, uses deoxyribose sugar, uses the nitrogen bases A T C and G, and is found in the nucleus
RNA is ____
Single stranded, has ribose sugar, has the nitrogen bases of A U C and G, and is found in the nucleus and travels to the ribosomes
3 parts of a nucleotide
5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
What makes up the sides of a DNA molecule
Sugar and phosphates
What makes up the rings of a DNA molecule
Nitrogen bases
What bond holds everything together in a DNA molecule
Hydrogen bonds
Making a copy of DNA is called ___
Replication
Which nitrogen base isn't used during replication
Uracil
What enzyme adds the complementary nucleotides and spell checks to make sure the new copy is correct
DNA polymerase
The process of copying an RNA message from the DNA code is called
Transcription
Where does transcription happen
In the nucleus
Which type of RNA has an anticodon region and carried the amino acids to the ribosome
tRNA
What do we call the small pieces of DNA that are edited out of the mRNA message before it is expressed
Introns
DNA that is spread out in the nucleus of non-dividing cells is called ____
Chromatin
DNA that is scrunched up is called ______
Chromosome
When making DNA, cytosine always pairs with ____
Guanine
Using an RNA message to make a protein is called
Translation or protein synthesis
What is the spot RNA polymerase attaches to DNA during transcription
Prometer
An experiment conducted by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase showed that
DNA can be transferred between bacteria
Protein synthesis can also be called ____
Translation
Nitrogen bases made up of two rings are called ____
Purines
Nitrogen bases made up of one ring is called ____
Pyrimidine
The process in which one bacterium is changed by the transfer of genetic material from another bacterium is called ____
Transformation
What is the subunit used to build proteins
Amino acids
What makes up an amino acid
An amino group (NH2)
Carboxylate group
And a R group
What woman whose x-Ray images of DNA helped James Watson and Francis Crick to figure out the structure of DNA
Rosalind Franklin
What is the enzyme involved with transcription
RNA polymerase
One leg of a chromosome is called____
Chromatid
What did Avery do in his experiment
He use digestive enzymes to figure out that it was DNA that caused transformation
What did Hershey and Chase experiment with?
They used bacteriophage, a virus that infects bacteria, to figure out that only DNA entered the cell
What is. Bacteriophage made of
A protein coat and DNA inside of it