monomer
molecular subunit of a polymer
polymer
large, carbon-based molecule formed by monomers
carbohydrate
molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; including sugars and starches
fatty acid
hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid
lipid
nonpolar molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes fats and oils
protein
polymer composed of amino acids linked be peptide bonds; folds into particular structure depending on honds between amino acids.
nucleic acid
polymer of nucleotides; the genetic material of organisms
amino acid
molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, orxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
chemical reaction
process by which substances change into different substances throught the breaking and forming of chemical bonds
reactant
substance that is changed by a chemical reaction
product
substance formed by a chemical reaction
bond energy
amount of energy neded to break a bond between two particular atoms: or the amount of energy released when two particular atoms
equillibrium
condition is which reactants and products of a chemical reaction are formed at the same rate
activation energy
energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction
endothermic
chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy
exothermic
chemical reaction that yields a net release of energy in the form of head
enzyme
protein that catalizes chemical reactions for organisms
catalyst
substance that decreases activation energy and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction
substrate
reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme acts.