Plasma membrane
Encloses the cell, regulates passage of ions and molecules in and out of cells
Cytoplasm
All the fluid and structures that lie inside the plasma membrane but outside of the nucleus most of the cells activities
DNA
Hereditary blueprint
RNA
Copy the blueprint and guide constructions of proteins
Prokaryotic cell
Bodies of bacteria and archaea, the simplest forms of life. No nucleus, circular DNA in nucleotides region. Few organelles. Smaller simpler
Eukaryotic cells
Form the bodies of animals, plants, fungi, and Protists.nucleus. Variety of organelles. Larger, more complex
Cytoskeleton
Gives shape and organizes eukaryotic cells
Vacuole
Stores material within cell
Chloroplast
Closely stacked, flattened sacs
Ribosome
The sites of protein synthesis
Vesicles
Transports materials within the cell
Nucleus
Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions Ina eukaryotic cell
Chloroplasts
Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color
Lysosomes
Digests excess or worn out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria
Ribosome
Small bombs located on portions of the ER site of protein sunthesis
Vesicles
Provides temporary storage of food, enzymes and waste products
Cell wall
Firm, protective structure that gives the cell it's shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria and some protests
Mitochondrion
Produces a usable form of energy for the cell
Golgi apparatus
Packages proteins for transport out of the cell
Nucleolus
Site where ribosomes are made
Microtubules
Consist of hollow tubes which provide support for the cell
Cilla
Small hair-like structures used for movement or sensing things
Flagellum
Longer whip-like structures used for movement
Cell membrane
Controls what goes in and out of a cell
Thylakoids
Name for the collection of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
Cell theory
The theory that every living thing is made up of one or more cells, the smallest organisms are single cells and single cells make multicellular organisms, and all cells arise from preexisting cells
Diffusion
The process where particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration
Osmosis
Specific type of facilitated diffusion where WATER molecules go from an area of high concentration to low
Hypotonic
Below strength, lower concentration of solute, higher concentration of water
Hypertonic
Above strength, higher concentration of solute, lower concentration of water
Isotonic
Same strength, solution have same concentration of solute and same concentration of water
Active transport
Allows movement of particles against the concentration gradient. Low concentration to high concentration. Proteins pump the molecules in or out
Stem cells
Unspecialized cells capable or renewing through cell division
They kill an embryo
Why are stem cells controversial?
Recognition proteins
Glycoproteins that identify the cell and have carbohydrates on their outer membrane surface
Receptor proteins
Receive signals from other cells and initiate a response
Attachment proteins
Anchor the cell membrane to the inner cytoskeleton, to proteins outside the cell, and to other cells
Passive transport
Does not require energy used in facilitated diffusion
Simple Light microscope
One lens, sees like an up close human eye, has three focuses and a light
Eukaryotes
Contain a nucleus and other membrane bounded organelles
Prokaryotes
Do not contain a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles