Organic compounds store ____
Chemical Energy
Autotrophs are organisms that use energy from what to make organic compounds
Sunlight
Energy flows from ______
Sun, autotrophs, and heterotrophs
Heterotrophs get energy from ____
Grass
What provides cells with the energy they need to carry out the
activities of life ____
ATP
When cells break down food molecules, some of the energy is ___
Released as heat or stored temporarily in ATP
ATP is a what with 2 extra energy-storing phosphate groups?
Nucleotide
The energy of ATP is released when ____
The bonds that hold the phosphate groups are broken
Breaking these bonds require
An input of energy
Reactants of photosynthesis are ____
Carbon Dioxide and Water
Products of photosynthesis are ___
Glucose and oxygen
Reactants of cellular respiration are ____
Oxygen and glucose
Products of cellular respiration are
Carbon dioxide and water
Photosynthesis occurs in the
Chloroplast
Thylakoids, grana, and stroma are all in the
Chloroplast
Light travels as waves in packets called
Photons
When light strikes objects it gets
Absorbed, Transmitted, or reflected
Pigments that are yellow or orange
Carotenoids
Something is released during ____ so it's
Oxygen
Dark reaction in the stroma
Glucose
The rate of photosynthesis decreases as
Carbon dioxide decreases
Factors that affect photosynthesis
Light, carbon dioxide concentration, and temp.
Break down glucose into pyruvate molecules
Glycolysis
Total # of ATPs
36
# of ATPs produced during lactic acid fermentation
2 ATPs
Both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation are
Anaerobic
You get energy from the food you eat
TRUE
Almost all the energy in living systems needed for metabolism comes
from the sun
TRUE
Biochemical pathways are a series of reactions where the product of
one reaction is the reactant of the next
TRUE
Only autotrophs are capable of photosynthesis
TRUE
Both autotrophs and heterotrophs perform cellular respiration to
release energy to do work
TRUE
Usable energy released in cellular respiration is ATP
TRUE
Sunlight or white light is made of different wavelengths or colors
carrying different amounts of energy
TRUE
When all colors are absorbed, the object appears black
TRUE
Chlorophyll is the most common pigment in plants and algae
TRUE
Cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondria
TRUE
The process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy
Photosynthesis
Organisms that use energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds in
inorganic substances to make organic compounds
Autotrophs
Organisms that must get energy from food
Hetertrophs
Process that releases much of the energy in food
Cellular respiration
Disk-shaped sacs inside chloroplasts
Thylakoids
Light absorbing substances
Pigments
Most common types of chlorophyll
A and B
A series of molecules through which excited electrons are passed
along a thylakoid membrane
Electron Transport Train
The transfer of carbon dioxide to organic compounds
Carbon Dioxide Fixation
A series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions that produce a 3
carbon sugar
Calvin Cycle
Metabolic processes that require oxygen
Aerobic
Metabolic processes that do not require energy
Anaerobic
Follows glycolysis and producers CO2
Krebs Cycle
Electron carriers
NADH, NADPH, and FADH2
Produces alcoholand lactic acid
Fermentation