Several closely related frog species of the genus Rana are found
in the forests of the southeastern United States. The species
boundaries are maintained by reproductive barriers. In each case,
match the various descriptions of frogs below with the appropriate
reproductive barrier listed.
One species lies only in tree holes; another species lives
only in streams.
Habitat
Several closely related frog species of the genus Rana are found
in the forests of the southeastern United States. The species
boundaries are maintained by reproductive barriers. In each case,
match the various descriptions of frogs below with the appropriate
reproductive barrier listed.
One species mates at the season when daylight is increasing
from 13 hours to 13 hours and 15 mins; another species mates at the
season when daylight is increasing from 14 hr. and 15 mins.
Temporal
If the half-life of carbon-14 is about 5,730 yrs., then how many
years old should the fossil be if it�s one-sixteenth the normal
proportion of carbon-14 to carbon-12?
22,900
For the following questions select the correct term from the
list below. Each term may be used more than once.
Proterozoic
Paleozoic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
Pleistocene
Dinosaurs were abundant and diverse
3
For the following questions select the correct term from the
list below. Each term may be used more than once.
Proterozoic
Paleozoic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
Pleistocene
Flowering plants appeared and diversified
4
For the following questions select the correct term from the
list below. Each term may be used more than once.
Proterozoic
Paleozoic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
Pleistocene
Ice ages
5
For the following questions select the correct term from the
list below. Each term may be used more than once.
Proterozoic
Paleozoic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
Pleistocene
Oldest fossil of eukaryotic cell appeared
1
For the following questions select the correct term from the
list below. Each term may be used more than once.
Proterozoic
Paleozoic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
Pleistocene
Sudden increase in diversity of animal phyla
2
For the following questions select the correct term from the
list below. Each term may be used more than once.
Proterozoic
Paleozoic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
Pleistocene
Origins of genus Homo
5
Grasshoppers and crickets have incomplete metamorphosis and belong to
this order.
Orthoptera
Approximately how far back in time does the fossil record extend?
4,000,000,000 years
According to the geologic record, when did prokaryotic cells appear
In the Archaean
__________
Hypothesized that Earth�s early atmosphere was a reducing
(electron-adding) environment, in which organic compounds could have
formed from simpler molecules.
Oparin and Haldane
Two species of frogs belonging to the same genus occasionally mate,
but the offspring fail to develop and hatch. What is the mechanism for
keeping the two frog species separate?
The postzygotic barrier called hybrid inviability
The presence of extra set of chromosomes due to accidents during cell
division is a phenomena known as
Polyploidy
Coelomates with segmented body wall and internal organs
Leech
According to the concept of punctuated equilibrium, the �sudden�
appearance of a new species in the fossil record means that
Speciation occurred rapidly in geologic time
Ants, bees and wasps have ________ metamorphosis and belong to the
order .
Complete; Hymenoptera
If organisms A, B, and C belong to the same class but to different
orders and if organisms D,E, and F belong to the same order but to
different families, which of the following pairs of organisms would be
expected to show the greatest degree of structural homology?
D and F
The existence of biological factors that prevent two species from
producing viable, fertile offspring is called
Reproductive isolation
Some molecular data place the giant and in the bear family (Uridae)
but place the lesser panda in the raccoon family (Procyonidae).
Consequently, the morphological similarities of these two species are
probably due to
Possession of analogous structures
A defining characteristic of allopatric speciation is
Geographic isolation
Systematics connects classifications with evolutionary history
(taxonomy + phylogeny). You have been asked to participate in a
systematics project. Your job is to propose a hypothesis about the
patterns of descent of a group of organisms. What evidence would you
use in order to propose such hypothesis?
You would look at the fossil record for evidence You
would perform analysis of DNA(assuming that DNA is available)
You would study anatomical structures for evidence
You would do all of the above
Hydras, corals, jellies and sea anemone, are all examples of
organisms that belong to which phylum
Cnidaria
Which of these statements is true of sponges?
They have no true tissues
Sea stars are examples of
Echinoderms
Which extinct species should not be included in the clade whose
common ancestor occurs at position 2, for such clade to be considered monophyletic
A
If figure 1 is an accurate depiction of relatedness, then which of
the following should be correct?
The entire tree is based on maximum parsimony. If all
species depicted here make up a taxon, this taxon is
monophyletic The last common ancestor of species B and C
occurred more recently than the last common ancestor of species D
and E. Species A is the direct ancestor of both species B
and species C. The species present at position 3 is
ancestral to C, D, and E.
1, 2 and 3
Refer to figure 2 below to answer questions 29-31.
Traditionally, whales and hippos have been classified in different
orders, the Cetacea and the Artiodactyla respectively. Recent
molecular evidence, however, indicates that the whales� closest
living relatives are the hippos. This has caused some zoologists
to lump the two orders together into a single clade, the
Cetartiodactyla. There is no consensus on whether the
Cetartiodactyla should be accorded order status or superorder
status. This is because it remains unclear whether the whale
lineage diverged from the lineage leading to the hippos before or
after the other members of the order Artiodactyla (pigs, camels,
etc.) diverged (see figure 2.)
Figure 2 contrast the �Within the artiodactyls� origin of the
whale lineage with the �without the artiodactyls: origin of the
whale lineage.
Placing whales and hippos in the same clade means
That they had a common ancestor
Refer to figure 2 below to answer questions 29-31.
Traditionally, whales and hippos have been classified in different
orders, the Cetacea and the Artiodactyla respectively. Recent
molecular evidence, however, indicates that the whales� closest
living relatives are the hippos. This has caused some zoologists
to lump the two orders together into a single clade, the
Cetartiodactyla. There is no consensus on whether the
Cetartiodactyla should be accorded order status or superorder
status. This is because it remains unclear whether the whale
lineage diverged from the lineage leading to the hippos before or
after the other members of the order Artiodactyla (pigs, camels,
etc.) diverged (see figure 2.)
Figure 2 contrast the �Within the artiodactyls� origin of the
whale lineage with the �without the artiodactyls: origin of the
whale lineage.
If it turns out that the whale lineage diverged from the lineage
leading to hippos after the divergence of the lineage leading to the
pigs and other artiodactyls, and if the whales continue to be
classified in the order Cetacea, then what becomes true of the order Artiodactyla?
It becomes paraphyletic
Refer to figure 2 below to answer questions 29-31.
Traditionally, whales and hippos have been classified in different
orders, the Cetacea and the Artiodactyla respectively. Recent
molecular evidence, however, indicates that the whales� closest
living relatives are the hippos. This has caused some zoologists
to lump the two orders together into a single clade, the
Cetartiodactyla. There is no consensus on whether the
Cetartiodactyla should be accorded order status or superorder
status. This is because it remains unclear whether the whale
lineage diverged from the lineage leading to the hippos before or
after the other members of the order Artiodactyla (pigs, camels,
etc.) diverged (see figure 2.)
Figure 2 contrast the �Within the artiodactyls� origin of the
whale lineage with the �without the artiodactyls: origin of the
whale lineage.
If it turns out that the whale lineage diverged from the lineage
leading to hippos after the divergence of the lineage leading to the
pigs and other artiodactyls, and if the whales continue to be
classified in the order Cetacea, then what becomes true of the taxon Cetartiodactyla?
It should be considered as one monophyletic order
What is true of the clade Ecdysozoa?
It includes all animals that molt at some time during their lives
Corals are most closely related to which group?
Sea anemones
Planarians lack dedicated respiratory and circulatory systems because
None of their cells are far removed from the gastrovascular
cavity or from the external environment.
What would be the most effective method of reducing the incidence of
blood flukes in a human population?
Reduce the freshwater snail population
While sampling marine plankton in a lab, a student encounters large
numbers of fertilized eggs. The student rears some of the eggs in the
laboratory for further study and finds that the blastopore becomes the
mouth. The embryo develops into a trochophore larva and eventually has
a true coelom. These eggs probably belonged to a
Mollusc
A student observes a wormlike organism crawling about on dead organic
matter. Later, the organism sheds its outer covering. One possibility
is that the organism is a larval insect (like a maggot). However, it
might be a member of the phylum , and one way to
distinguish between the two possibilities is by looking for .
Nematoda, a circulatory system
Prezygotic barriers block fertilization from occurring by
Preventing successful completion & Impeding different
species from attempting to mate
Crayfish are an example of
Arthropoda
What distinguishes complete metamorphosis from incomplete
metamorphosis in insects?
The radically different appearance between adults and earlier
life stages
In a tide pool, a student encounters an organism with a hard outer
covering that contains much calcium carbonate, an open circulatory
system, and gills. The organism could potentially be a crab, a shrimp,
a barnacle, or a bivalve. The presence of which of the following
structures would allow for the most certain identification of the organism?
A mantle
Dog breeders maintain the purity of breeds by keeping dogs of
different breeds a part when they are fertile. This kind of isolation
is most similar to which of the following reproductive isolating mechanisms?
Habitat isolation
These have segmented bodies with jointed appendages and an exoskeleton.
Arthropods
Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and gray wolves (Canis
lupus) can interbreed to produce viable, fertile offspring. These
species shared a common ancestor recently (in geologic time) and have
a high degree of genetic similarity, although their anatomies vary
widely. Judging from this evidence, which two species concepts are
most likely to place dogs and wolves together into a single species?
Biological and phylogenetic
The have bilateral symmetry in larval stage and a five-body part
organization as adults
Echinoderms
Which of the various species concepts distinguishes two species based
on the potential to interbreed in nature, producing viable, fertile offspring?
Biological
The distinction between sponges and other animal phyla is based
mainly on the absence versus the presence of
True tissues
In front of you, there is a living organism, which you examine
carefully. Which of the following should convince you that the
organism is acoelomate?
Muscular activity of its digestive system distorts the body wall
Which group contains diploblastic organisms?
I
Which two groups have members that undergo ecdysis?
III and IV